Flexible and Wearable Electronics for Smart Clothing

PREFACE
PART I SENSING
1 WEARABLE ORGANIC NANO-SENSORS,
1.2 Wearable organic sensors based on different device architectures 4
1.2.1 Resistor based Sensors 5
1.2.1.1 Definitions and important parameters 5
1.2.1.2 Materials and applications 5
1.2.2 Organic Field Effect Transistor based Sensors 13
1.2.2.1 Definitions and important parameters 13
1.2.2.2 Strategy and applications 13
1.2.3 Electrochemical Sensors 20
1.2.3.1 Definitions and important parameters 20
1.2.3.2 Strategy and applications 20
1.2.4 Diode based Sensors 23
1.2.4.1 Definitions and important parameters 23
1.2.4.2 Strategy and applications 24
1.2.5 Other devices and system integration 25
1.3 Summary and perspective 29
Reference 30
 
2 STIMULI-RESPONSIVE ELECTRONIC SKINS,
2.1 Introduction 37
2.2 Materials for Electronic Skins 37
2.2.1 Liquid metals 38
2.2.2 Hydrogels 39
2.2.3 Ionogels 41
2.2.4 Elastomers 42
2.2.5 Conductive polymers 42
2.2.6 Inorganic materials 43
2.3 Stimuli-responsive behaviors 45
2.3.1 Electrical signals in response to environmental stimuli 45
2.3.2 Stimuli-responsive self-healing 48
2.3.3 Stimuli-responsive optical appearances 50
2.3.4 Stimuli-responsive actuations 52
2.3.5 Improved processability based on the stimuli-responsive behaviors 53
2.4 Mechanism understanding for stimuli-responsive materials applied for electronic skins 54
2.5 Conclusion 59
References 60
 
3 FLEXIBLE THERMOELECTRICS AND THERMOELECTRIC TEXTILES,
3.1 Introduction 68
3.2 Thermoelectricity and Thermoelectric Materials 68
3.3 Thermoelectric Generators 73
3.4 Wearable Thermoelectric Generators for Smart Clothing 75
3.4.1 Flexible Thermoelectric 77
3.4.2 Organic thermoelectric materials related 80
3.4.3 Carbon-based thermoelectric materials related 81
3.4.4 Fiber and Textile Related Thermoelectrics 83
3.5 Prospects and Challenges 87
References 89
 
PART II ENERGY
4 TEXTILE TRIBOELECTRIC NANOGENERATORS FOR ENERGY HARVESTING
4.1 Introduction

Gang Wang is a Professor of materials science and engineering, at State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University (DHU) from the Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning. He is a joint-Ph.D between Donghua University and Georgia Institute of Technology. From 2016-2019, he worked as postdoc at Northwestern University (USA) with Prof. Tobin J Marks and Prof. Antonio Facchetti. His current research interests include multiscale alignment of flexible semiconductor materials, shear print strategy and instruments, andtThe applications of electro-fibers in soft robotics and smart fabrics. He has been published first author/corresponding in international peer-reviewed journals such as PNAS, JACS,Nature Communications, Angewandte Chemie, Advanced Energy Materials, and ACS Nano in the past 3 years. He has 7 Chinese Invention Patents to his name, edited one book on soft electronics (Wiley-VCH), and served as organizer and invited speakers in ACS National Conferences amongst other things.
 
Chengyi Hou is Associate Professor of materials science and engineering, at State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Donghua University (DHU), under DHU Distinguished Young Professor Program. He received his Ph.D. degree at the department of materials science and engineering, Donghua University in 2014. He worked as a Marie Curie Postdoc at the department of chemistry, Technical University of Denmark from 2015 to 2017. He has engaged in the development of innovative methods and experimental approaches to address the key scientific and technical challenges related to scalable synthesis, processing, and assembly of nanomaterial-based soft electronics. He has explored the potential applications of a series of nanomaterials as electronic skin, micro-reactors, artificial muscle and three-dimensional biological scaffolds. He has