Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry: Vol.2 Crops

Plants.- 7. Physiological State of Donor Plants.- 8. Differentiation of Callus.- 9. Albinism.- 10. Conclusions.- I.8 Rice: Anther Culture for Rice Improvement in China (With 1 Figure).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Anther and Pollen Culture.- 3. Uses of Pollen Plants in Rice Breeding.- 4. Conclusions.- I.9 Rice (Oryza sativa L.): Cryopreservation of Cell Cultures (With 14 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Freeze-Preservation of Rice Cells Grown in Suspension Culture.- 3. Freeze-Recovered Rice Cells Repair Several Physiological Alterations Caused by Cryopreservation.- 4. Freeze-Recovered Rice Cells Repair Extensive Ultrastructural Damage.- I.10 Corn (Zea mays L.): Production of Pure Lines Through Anther Culture (With 4 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Anther Culture and the Induction of Pollen Embryoids.- 3. Modes of Development of Embryoids from Pollen.- 4. Factors Affecting Androgenesis.- 5. Observations on the Progeny of Pollen Plants.- 6. Conclusions and Prospects.- I.11 Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): Establishment of Cultures and the Regeneration of Plants (With 3 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Breeding Objectives and the Applications of Tissue Culture.- 3. Establishment of Cultures.- 4. Shoot and Plant Recovery in Cultures.- 5. Embryo Culture.- 6. In Vitro Culture of Anthers and Microspores.- 7. Protoplast Isolation, Culture and Fusion.- I.12 Barley: Induction of Genetic Variability Through Callus Cultures (With 4 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Callus Types in Barley.- 3. Variation in Chromosome Number.- 4. Chromosome Number in Plants Regenerated from Barley Callus.- 5. Gene Variability Through Barley Callus.- 6. Conclusions.- I.13 Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (With 2 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. In Vitro Approaches.- 3. Methods of Sterilization of Explants.- 4. Establishment of Callus Cultures.- 5. Suspension Cultures and Their Media Composition.- 6. Protoplast Isolation and Culture.- 7. Anther Culture.- 8. Regeneration and Transfer of Plants.- 9. Genetic Stability.- 10. Physiological and Biochemical Studies.- 11. Conclusion.- I.14 Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum L.) (With 3 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. In Vitro Approaches.- 3. Conclusions and Prospects.- References to Section I.- Section II Vegetables, Legumes and Tubers.- II.1 Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (With 1 Figure).- 1. Introduction.- 2. In Vitro Approaches and Systems.- 3. Conclusions and Prospects.- II.2 Phaseolus: Wide Hybridization Through Embryo Culture (With 2 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Interspecific Hybridization.- 3. Interspecific Hybrid Embryo Development.- 4. Embryo Culture.- 5. Development and Fertility of Interspecific Hybrid Plants and Their Progeny.- 6. Conclusions.- II.3 Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) (With 1 Figure).- 1. Introduction.- 2. In Vitro Approaches.- 3. Conclusions and Prospects.- II.4 Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) (With 3 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. In Vitro Approaches.- 3. Conclusions and Prospects.- II.5 Egg Plant (Solanum melongena L.) (With 1 Figure).- 1. Introduction.- 2. In Vitro Approaches.- 3. Plant Regeneration.- 4. Some Factors Influencing Plant Regeneration.- 5. Protoplast Culture.- 6. Conclusions and Prospects.- II.6 Cucurbits (With 5 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Embryo Culture.- 3. Establishment of Callus and Suspension Cultures.- 4. Plant Regeneration.- 5. Miscellaneous.- 6. Conclusions and Prospects.- II.7 Onion, Garlic and Leek (Allium Species) (With 10 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. In Vitro Approaches.- 3. Conclusions and Prospects.- II.8 Celery (Apium graveolens L.) (With 2 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Crop Improvement Using In Vitro Techniques.- 3. Conclusions.- II.9 Butter-Bur (Petasites japonicus Miq.) (With 5 Figures).- 1. General Account.- 2. In Vitro Approaches.- 3. Conclusion.- II.10 Biotechnology of Potato Improvement (With 4 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. In Vitro Approaches.- 3. Summary and Conclusions.- II.11 Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas Poir.) (With 8 Figures).- 1. General Account.- 2. In Vitro Approaches.- 3. Summary and Conclusions.- II.12 Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) (With 2 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. In Vitro Approaches.- 3. Miscellaneous.- 4. Conclusions and Prospects.- II.13 Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) (With 2 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Need to Incorporate Unconventional Methods.- 3. In Vitro Approaches.- 4. Conclusions and Prospects.- References to Section II.- Section III Future Agricultural Crops.- III.1 Triticale (Triticosecale): Production Through Embryo Culture (With 2 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Plant Material.- 3. Nutrient Medium.- 4. Embryo Culture.- 5. Transfer of Plants to Soil.- 6. Conclusions.- III.2 Triticale: Production of Haploid and Homozygous Plants (With 5 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Factors Affecting Production of Haploids.- 3. Development of Haploids and Homozygous Lines.- III.3 Hordecale (Hordeum vulgare L. × Secale cereale L.) (With 2 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Attributes of Rye and Barley.- 3. Initial Crossing Attempts.- 4. Incompatibility Reactions in Barley × Rye Hybridization.- 5. Embryo Rescue and Culture Technique.- 6. Seed Set in Barley × Rye Crosses.- 7. Progeny of Hordeum × Secale Crosses.- 8. Somatic Regeneration of Hordeum × Secale Hybrids.- 9. Hybrid Plant Morphology.- 10. Somatic Chromosomes.- 11. Meiotic Chromosome Pairing.- 12. Amphiploids.- 13. Trigeneric Hybrids.- 14. Genomic Effects on Chromosome Pairing.- 15. Prospects.- III.4 Winged Bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.] (With 5 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Photoperiod and Temperature Requirement for Flowering of Winged Bean.- 3. Tissue Culture Studies.- 4. Conclusions and Prospects.- III.5 Amaranths (Amaranthus spp.): Potential Grain and Vegetable Crops (With 3 Figures).- 1. Introduction.- 2. In Vitro Culture.- 3. Conclusions and Prospects.- III.6 Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) (With 14 Figures).- 1. General Account.- 2. In Vitro Approaches.- 3. Conclusions and Prospects.- References to Section III.