Endogenous Stem Cell-Based Brain Remodeling in Mammals

Introduction.- Structural Plasticity in Adult Nervous System: A Historic Perspective.- Impact of Injured Tissue on Stem Cell Fate.- Role of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells in the Adaptation of the Brain to Injury.- Role of Adult Neurogenesis in Seizure-Induced Hippocampal Remodeling and Epilepsy.- Neurogenesis and Gliogenesis in the Postnatal Hypothalamus: a new level of plasticity for the regulation of hypothalamic function?.- Regenerative Potential of NG2 Cells.- Oligodendrocyte Progenitors and Brain Remodeling Following Blood Brain Barrier Rupture.- Genomic Integrity of Embryonic and Neural Stem Cells.- Links Between Injury-Induced Brain Remodeling and Oncogenesis?.

Dr. Steven G. Kernie is an Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Pathology & Cell Biology at Columbia University in New York and Chief of Critical Care Medicine at Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital at Columbia University Medical Center. His laboratory is interested in how the brain repairs itself following injury. The presence of adult neural stem and progenitor cells in the mammalian brain has awakened new interest and optimism in potential treatment for a variety of acquired brain disorders. The Kernie lab is investigating how adult neural stem and progenitor cells participate in injury-induced remodeling and in identifying genes and drugs that might be important in augmenting their contribution. In order to do this, they have generated a variety of transgenic mice that allow for temporally controlled alterations in the endogenous stem cell population in order to optimize the post-injury remodeling that occurs.

Dr. Marie-Pierre Junier is Research Director at Inserm and co-PI of team Glial Plasticity for the Center of Research Neuroscience Paris Seine at the University Pierre et Marie Curie. Her team showed the permissiveness of astrocytes to re-programming into immature states akin to neural progenitors or neural stem cells. It further demonstrated that these plastic capabilities of astrocytes sensitize them to cancerous transformation. The team is now using cancer stem cells isolated from human adult and pediatric gliomas to understand their differences from normal human neural stem cells. Combining proteomic, metabolic and epigenetic approaches, the team aims at developing new therapeutic strategies against these devastating cancers.

From the book reviews:"A book of interest to researchers studying neurogenesis and regeneration and repair of the nervous tissue after injury. For neurologists, neurosurgeons and biologists." (Pediatric Endocrinology Reviews (PER), Vol. 12 (1), September, 2014)