Family Issues on Marriage, Divorce, and Older Adults in Japan

Ren-ai-kekkon.- 3.2.2: High Ages at First Marriage and the Delayed Marriage.- 3.2.3: Life-time Singlehood.- 3.2 4: Live Births to Unmarried Mothers.- 3.2.5: De facto Partnerships: Cohabitation.- 3.2.6: Roles and Functions of the Nakoudo: the traditional vs. the new.- 3.3: The Current Situation.- 3.3.1: Commercial Matchmaking/Dating Agency.- 3.3.2: Matchmaking by Local Communities and/or Municipal Offices.- 3.3.3: Machi-kon, the Town Based Marriage-meeting Events.- 3.4: Conclusion: Kon-katsu.- References.- Chapter 4: International Marriage in Japan: A Strategy to Maintain Rural Farm Households.- 4.1: Introduction.- 4.1.1: Two Opposing Views on International Marriage.- 4.1.2: International Marriage as a New Way to Maintain Rural Farm.- Households.- 4.2: International Marriage in Japan.- 4.2.1: Historical Development.- 4.2.2: Demographic Features of International Marriages: Foreign Brides versus Foreign Grooms.- 4.3: Regional Variations of International Marriages by Prefecture.- 4.3.1: International Marriages: Percentage of Total.- 4.3.2: Japanese Wife/Foreign Husband: Percentage of Total.- 4.3.3: Japanese Husband/Foreign Wife: Percentage of Total.- 4.4: Yamagata Prefecture-Pioneering Prefecture for International Marriage in Japan Today.- 4.4.1: Foreign Residents in Yamagata Prefecture.- 4.4.2: Nationalities.- 4.4.3: Correlation between Number of Foreigners and Household Type by Municipality.- 4.4.4: A Brief History of Foreign Brides in Yamagata Prefecture.- 4.4.5: Asahi-machi.- 4.4.6: Tozawa-mura.- 4.5: Three Reports on Research into Family Relations in Yamagata Prefecture.- 4.5.1: "Survey Report on the Attitudes toward Families in Yamagata Prefecture" (Association for International Relations in Yamagata: AIRY, 2006).- 4.5.2: "Report on the Questionnaire Survey Research on Foreigners Residing in Yamagata Prefecture" (Association for International Relations in Yamagata: AIRY, 2011).- 4.5.3:Yamagata Prefecture Bureau of International Economic Exchange (2014).- 4.6: Conclusion.- References.- Chapter 5: Changing Divorce in Japan: With Special Attention to Regional Variations.- 5.1: Introduction.- 5.2: A Brief History of Divorce in Japan.- 5.2.1: The First Period: 1883-1897.- 5.2.2: The Second Period: 1898-1899.- 5.2.3: An Overview of Japanese Divorce: 1960 to 2013.- 5.3: Three Conspicuous Characteristics of Divorce in Japan.- 5.3.1: Duration of Marriage before Divorce.- 5.3.2: Child Custody in Divorce.- 5.3.3: Divorce by Mutual Agreement.- 5.4: Regional Variations in Divorce.- 5.5: Some Cultural Explanation of Divorce in Japan.- 5.5.1: Prefectures with Low Divorce Rates Today: Niigata and Shimane.- 5.5.2: Prefectures with High Divorce Rates Today: Hokkaido, Okinawa, Osaka, Fukuoka, Miyazaki, and Kochi.- 5.6: Conclusion.- References.- 6: Late-Life Divorce in Japan Revisited: Effects of the Old-age Pension Division Scheme.- 6.1: Introduction.- 6.2: Recent Changes in Divorce in Japan.- 6.3: Duration of Marriage Prior to Divorce.- 6.4: Late-Life Divorce and the Year 2007 Issue.- 6.5: Baby Boomers and the Duration of Marriage at the Time of Divorce.- 6.6: Higher Divorce Rate among Younger Couples over Veteran Couples.- 6.7: Reasons for Late-Life Divorce.- 6.7.1: Divorce by Mutual Agreement or by Judicial Procedure.- 6.7.2: Reasons for Divorce.- 6.7.3: Motives for Late-Life Divorce.- 6.8: Conclusion.- References.- Chapter 7: Japanese Elders Living Apart: Policy Suggestions.- 7.1: Introduction.- 7.2: Living Arrangements of the Elderly: Living Alone Households.- 7.2.1: Family Size.- 7.2.2: Living Alone Households by Sex and by Age-Group.- 7.2.3: Proportions of the Household Type in which the Elderly Sixty-Five and Over Reside by Prefecture.- 7.2.4: Elderly-Headed Households.- 7.2.5: Living Alone Households of Japanese Elderly by Sex.- 7.2.6: Elderly Living Alone Households of the Total Elderly-Headed Households.- 7.2.7: Elderly 75 and Over-Headed Households.- 7.3: Yamagata and Kagoshima Prefectures.- 7.3.1: Yamagata Prefecture.- 7.3.2: Kagoshima Prefecture.- 7.3.3: Yamagata: High Rate of Coresidency and Low Rates of Elderly One and Two-Person Households.- 7.3.4: Kagoshima: High Rate of Elderly Living Alone Households.- 7.4: Successful Aging of Japanese Elders Living Alone.- 7.4.1: Measurements of Successful Aging.- 7.4.2: Five Major Factors.- 7.4.3: Elders Living Alone: Yamagata Prefecture.- 7.4.4: Elders Living Alone: Kagoshima Prefecture.- 7.4.5: Elders Living Alone: Tokyo Metropolitan Area: Minato Ward.- 7.5: Policy Recommendations for the Elderly Living Alone.- 7.6: Conclusion.- References.- Chapter 8: Conclusion - Toward Globalization of Japanese Families.- 8.1: Toward Globalization through the Field of Family Sociology.- 8.2: Summary of Major Findings, Implications and Limitations of the Book.- 8.3: Relating the Dual Structural Model to the Family Issues Discussed.- 8.4: The Future of Japanese Families.- 8.4.1: Japanese Families in the Era of Population Decline.- 8.4.2: Japanese Families with Working Mothers.- 8.4.3: Japanese Families and Global Cooperation.- 8.5: Japan as a Global Partner.- References.- Index.