Hopkins, A: Grassland in a changing world

EGF book series 'Grassland Science in Europe' as volume 15. Each section is introduced by a pair of review-papers from experienced scientists, followed by a set of voluntary submissions that had been presented at the conference as either oral or paper contributions. The book is an excellent source for up-todate research in the field of grassland science and global change.We wish to express our gratitude to the many people who have contributed to the conference. First of all we thank the 400 delegates from more than 40 countries all over the world for their scientific contributions as lectures, papers, posters and in the discussions. We particularly thank the numerous people that actively supported the planning and preparation of the conference: the members of the Organizing and the Scientific Committees, the many external reviewers, Alan Hopkins for the anglicizing of the manuscripts, Karl Auerswald for revising, formatting and proofreading of the whole book, and Melitta Sternkopf for managing the correspondence with the authors. Special thanks go to the members of the organizing group at Kiel University, Antje Herrmann as the Conference Secretary, Sigmone Hoffmann, Karin Rahn and the many 'helping hands' in the conference office, and the technical support team. Many thanks also to Martin Elsäßer and his team for organizing the most attractive preconference tour. They were all very dedicated to the conference and it was a pleasure to share the experience of organizing a General Meeting with them. The European Grassland Federation Secretary Willy Kessler was very helpful in giving sound advice throughout the four years of conference preparations.The conference was supported by many sponsors whose contributions are gratefully acknowledged.Hans Schnyder Chairman of the Scientific CommitteeFriedhelm Taube Chairman of the Organizing CommitteeJohannes IsselsteinPresident of the European Grassland FederationContentsSession 1. Grassland and Global ChangeInvited PapersC3/C4 grasslands and climate change Lattanzi F.A. ... 3Impact of economic and political drivers on the grassland use in the EU Osterburg B., Isermeyer F., Lassen B. and N. Röder ... 14Session 1.1 Grassland and climate changeOral presentationsChanges in soil organic matter content of grassland and maize land in the Netherlands between 1970 and 2009 Reijneveld J.A., Kuikman P.J. and Oenema O. .. 30Changes in abundance and diversity of wild species in grass fields in Denmark Andreasen C., Stryhn H. and Andresen L.C. ... 33Impacts of climate change on the grazing period, and the conserved feeding costs of grazing systems in the UK Topp C.F.E., Wreford A., Tolkamp B.J., Wu L. and Moran D. ... 36Poster presentationsEffect of crude protein intake on CH4 concentration in a dairy stall Arriaga H., Blanco F., Salcedo G., Martínez-Suller L. and Merino P. ... 39Quantification of ley yield increase by climate change in mountainous regions of southern Norway Baadshaug O.H., Haugen L.E. and Skjelvåg A.O. ... 42Evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions from fertilized grassland Balezentiene L., Klimas E. and Bleizgys R. ... 45Carbon gain of C3 and C4 grasses in a dense canopy in the field Berone G.D., Lattanzi F.A. and Schnyder H. ... 48AFLP analysis of genetic differentiation in legume germplasm in contrasting environments Collins R.P., Frankow-Lindberg B.E., Helgadóttir Á., Skøt L.,Jones C.and Skøt K.P. .. 51Greenhouse gas inventory for grasslands in the Basque Country in 1990 and 2008 del Hierro O., Artetxe A. and Pinto M. ... 54Fertiliser value and environmental impact of digestate application on permanent grassland Dieterich B., Finnan J., Hepp S., Hochstrasser T. and Müller C. ... 57Change in carbon balance of a dry calcareous grassland caused by spontaneous afforestationFerlan M., Eler K., Alberti G., Vodnik D., Peressotti A., Miglietta F., Simon_i_ P. and Bati_ F. ... 60Using a dynamic system simulation model to assess the effects of climate change on grass-based dairy systems in Ireland Fitzgerald J.B., Holden N.M. and Brereton A.J. ... 63Reduction of N2O emissions from grasslands under Atlantic conditions with the use of inhibitors (Basque Country, northern Spain) Menéndez S., Merino P., Pinto M., González-Murua C. and Estavillo J.M. ... 66Evapotranspiration from grassland with contact to groundwater Misztal A. and Zarzycki J. ... 69Climate change mitigation in European grasslands Peeters A. and Hopkins A. ... 72Effect of climate change on grassland production for herbivorous livestock systems in France Ruget F., Moreau J.-C., Cloppet E. and Souverain F. ... 75Surface Runoff Simulator (SIMU) hastens the research on phosphorus losses from grassland Saarijärvi K. and Virkajärvi P. ... 78Fertilising practices to reduce nitrous oxide emissions from managed grasslands Schils R.L.M., Van Groenigen J.W., Velthof G.L. and Kuikman P.J. ... 81Nitrous oxide emissions from highly productive grassland as a function of soil compaction and nitrogen fertilization Schmeer M., Dittert K., Loges R., Senbayram M. and Taube F. ... 84Grazing intensity and precipitation affects herbage accumulation, herbage quality and animal performance in semi-arid grassland Schönbach P., Wan H., Gierus M., Müller K., Lin L., Susenbeth A. and Taube F. ... 87Effect of precipitation on dry matter production of a meadow with varied cutting Frequency Thumm U. and Tonn B. ... 90Session 1.2 Grassland and socio-economic changeOral presentationsCase-control studies for risk-assessment in ecology and agriculture Suter M. and Lüscher A. ... 94Extensive grasslands beyond the year 2013 - present situation and options for the future? Luick R. and Schrode S. ... 97Simulation of the effect of grass intake on the farmer's income Van den Pol-van Dasselaar A., De Haan M., Evers A. and Philipsen A.P. ... 100Poster presentationsSocio-economic changes and their effects on agro-pastoral goat husbandry systems in semi-arid, sub-tropical mountain regions Dickhoefer U. and Schlecht E. ... 103Management and legislation affecting the conservation of mountain grasslands subjected to common use in Central Apennine D'Ottavio P., Trobbiani P., Rismondo M., Iezzi G., Piergiovanni R., Sargenti P., Santilocchi R. and Roggero P.P. ... 106Structural analysis of the dairy industry and its evolution in Central Switzerland Hofstetter P. ... 109Grassland management on the 'Low Cost Farm': an overview of an eight-year period Holshof G. and de Haan M.H.A. ... 112Global economic crisis impacts on dairy cattle in the Czech Republic Kvapilík J., Kohoutek A. and Komárek P. ... 115Values and image of pasture-based milk production systems Lobsiger M., Wyss U., Réviron S. and Stoll W. ... 118Assessment of energy consumption pattern in a sample of Walloon livestock farming systems Rabier F., Mignon C., Lejeune L. and Stilmant D. ... 121The role of agri-environmental programmes in grassland conservation and environmental protection Stypi_ski P. ... 124Threats to grassland plant diversity in Transylvania, Romania Larkham K.S. and Sutcliffe L.M.E ... 127Environmental aspects of grazing animals in a European context Van der Hoek K.W. ... 130Abandonment of farming practices: impact on vegetation Zarzycki J. and Misztal A. ... 133Session 2. The Future of Grassland Productions SystemsInvited papersGrass biomethane: A sustainable alternative industry for grassland Singh A., Korres N.E., Murphy J.D. ... 139The role of genetic resources for sustainable and productive grassland agriculture Kölliker R. and Boller B. ... 149Session 2.1 Grassland systems and technologyOral presentationsDry matter and protein yields of red clover, Italian ryegrass and their mixtures Alibegovic-Grbic S., Bezdrob M. and Civic H. ... 160Analysis of hyperspectral data to estimate forage quality in legume-grass mixtures Biewer S., Fricke T. and Wachendorf M. ... 163Modelling ammonia emissions after field application of biogas slurries on grassland sites Pacholski A., Gericke D., Ni K. and Kage H. ... 166Microwave for dock control on grassland Latsch R. and Sauter J. ... 169Influence of cutting date and pre-conditioning on the energy production from grassland through the integrated generation of solid fuel and biogas from biomass (IFBB) Richter F., Fricke T. and Wachendorf M. ... 172Grassland yield response to knife/tine slurry injection equipment - benefit or crop damage? Halling M.A. and Rodhe L. ... 175Better grazing opportunities with a mobile milking robot Haan M.H.A. de, Philipsen A.P., Van den Pol-van Dasselaar A., Holshof G., Lenssinck F.A.J. and Koning C.J.A.M. de ... 178Slurry seeding in grassland in Norway Nesheim L. ... 181Continuous and rotational grazing system with horses: effects on gorse production understorey developed under Pinus radiata stand Mosquera-Losada M.R., Mouhbi R., González-Hernández M.P., Boubaker A. and Rigueiro-Rodríguez A. ... 184Poster presentationsProductivity and yield quality of white clover-grass mixed swards depending on cutting frequency Adamovics A. and Adamovica O. ... 187Comparison of three traditional uses of forage production of mountain meadows in western Azerbayjan, Iran Akbarlou M., Mesdaghi M. and Sepehry A. ... 190Pastures feeding value response to humic fertilizers Klimas E. and Balezentiene L. ... 193Soil fertility and forage yield in a maize-Italian ryegrass rotation fertilized with pelletized broiler litter Bande-Castro M.J., Gómez-Sánchez R., Sainz M.J. and López-Mosquera M.E. ... 196Natural lucerne populations of Estonia: yielding ability, herbage quality and prospective ways of use Bender A. and Tamm S. ... 199A preliminary study on new biodegradable films to cover silages Borreani G., Chion A.R., Piano S., Ranghino F. and Tabacco E. ... 202Utilisation of clover-grass silage of different cutting dates for solid fuel production Bühle L., Richter F., Perbandt D., Stoll S. and Wachendorf M. ... 205PROGRASS - A mobile plant to produce solid fuel from grass harvested in the NATURA grassland habitats Bühle L., Donnison I., Heinsoo K., Südekum K.-H. and Wachendorf M. ... 208White clover effect on yield and quality of a Lolium perenne sward under cutting conditions De Vliegher A. ... 211Crop-livestock system: Influence of different sward heights in cattle performance Carvalho P.C. de F., Wesp C. de L., Conte O., Machado A.P., Oliveira E.V. and Bremm C. ... 214Grazing with a mobile milking robot Dufrasne I., Robaye V., Istasse L. and Hornick J. L. ... 217Fermentation residues of biogas co-fermentation and their effects on grassland Elsaesser M. ... 220Forage yield and N2 fixation of Trifolium alexandrinum in pure stand and in mixture with Lolium multiflorum Giambalvo D., Amato G., Di Miceli G., Frenda A.S., Ruisi P. and Stringi L. .............. 223Effect of different methods of sward renovation on selected physical and chemical soilProperties Zaj_c M., Spychalski W. and Goli_ski P. ... 226Biogas-Expert: grassland methane yield and short-term N efficiency of biogas residues Wienforth B., Herrmann A., Sieling K., Ohl S., Hartung E., Taube F. and Kage H. ... 229Using digital image analysis to estimate legume contents in legume-grass swards Himstedt M., Fricke T. and Wachendorf M. ... 232Grassland potassium balance in a pot experiment using soils with different management histories Seidel M., Kayser M., Moir J.L. and Isselstein J. ... 235The intensity of grassland management on farms in the north-eastern part of Lublin province Jankowski K., Jode_ka J., Kolczarek J. and Sosnowski J. ... 238Effects of Trifolium incarnatum proportion in binary mixtures with Lolium multiflorum on the soil Nmin content and the amount of symbiotically fixed N Kramberger B., Gselman A. and Podvrsnik M. ... 241Use of portable NIRS equipment in field conditions to determine the nutritional value of mountain pastures Mendarte S., Ibarra A., Garbisu C., Besga G. and Albizu I. ... 244Dairy soiled water as an organic fertilizer for perennial ryegrass pasture Minogue D., Murphy P., French P., Coughlan F. and Bolger T. ... 247Fertilisation with different types of sewage sludge on pasture production and protein concentration in a silvopastoral system developed under Fraxinus excelsior L Mosquera-Losada M.R., Ferreiro-Domínguez N. and Rigueiro-Rodríguez A. ... 250Impact of different levels of inorganic and organic fertilizers on sward production Rigueiro-Rodríguez A., García-Fernández M. and Mosquera-Losada M.R. ... 253Effect of frost on regrowth ability and frost tolerance of rush (Juncus spp.) Folkestad J., Østrem L. and Netland J. ... 256Hyperspectral measurements in maize (Zea mays L.) for silage Perbandt D., Fricke T. and Wachendorf M. ... 259Effects of additional illumination under changing simulated sky cover on field spectroscopic measurements in clover-grass swards Perbandt D., Fricke T. and Wachendorf M. .................................................................. 262Analysis of land utilisation by red deer in the Apennine Mountains Crocetti C., Ponzetta M.P., Minder I., Messeri A., Cervasio F., Argenti G. and Maccelli S. ... 265Ammonia volatilization after application of biogas slurries in a coastal marsh region of Northern Germany Quakernack R., Techow A., Herrmann A., Taube F., Kage H. and Pacholski A. ... 268Changes in soil P status of grassland in the Netherlands between 1971 and 2009 Reijneveld J.A., Ehlert P.A.I., Schoumans O.F., Termorshuizen A.J and Oenema O. ... 271A comparison of different conversion techniques for the production of energy from permanent grasslands Richter F. and Wachendorf M. ... 274Improvement of permanent grasslands in NE Romania Samuil C., Vintu V., Iacob T. and Popovici I.C. ... 277Effects of different methods of meadow maintenance and non-tillage seeding on yield and plant composition Sauter J. and Latsch R. ... 280Suitability of perennial grasses and legume-grass-mixtures for methane production Schmaler K., Weiß K. and Krause R. ... 283Defining optimum practices for Italian ryegrass seed production in Serbia Simi_ A., Vu_kovi_ S., Petrovi_ S. and Sokolovi_ D. ... 286Influence of sod seeding grassland on the quality of the first cut Skládanka, J., Mikyska F., Dolezal P., seda J. and Rosická L. ... 289The benefits of long-term legume swards in an organic farming system Slepetys J. and Slepetiene A. ... 292Grass and grass-legume mixtures for methane production Sölter U., Höppner F., Luesink W., Ingwersen B., Feuerstein U. and Greef J.M. ... 295Biogas-Expert: Sustainable biomethane production in northern Germany - Nitrogen leaching after application of biogas residue Svoboda N., Wienforth B., Sieling K., Kage H., Taube F. and Herrmann A. ... 298Biogas-Expert: Nitrous oxide emission from biogas production systems on a coastal marsh soil Techow A., Dittert K., Senbayram M., Quakernack R., Pacholski A., Kage H., Taube F. and Herrmann A. ... 301The evaluation of tall fescue, cocksfoot and reed canary grass as energy crops for biogas production Tilvikien_ V., Kadziulien_ Z. and Dabkevi_ius Z. ... 304Potential of leaching to optimise fuel quality of semi-natural grassland biomass Tonn B., Thumm U. and Claupein W. ... 307Improving grasslands of Agrostis capillaris and Festuca rubra in the Carpathian Mountains of Romania by organic fertilization Vintu V., Samuil C., Popovici I.C. and Saghin G. ... 310Session 2.2 The role of genetic resourcesOral presentationsThe effect of evaluation protocol on the dry matter yield performance of Lolium perenne varieties McEvoy M., O'Donovan M., Wims C. and Kennedy E. ... 314A system to optimize forage crop variety trials for regionalized Recommended Lists in Germany Hartmann S. ... 317Genetic shift in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) after natural selection in a marginal area Göransson M. and Helgadóttir Á. ... 320Poster presentationsSome plant characteristics of accessions of fescue species (Festuca sp.) collected from the Central-Black Sea Region of Turkey Acar Z., Ayan I., Basaran U., Mut H. and Asci O. ... 323White clover (Trifolium repens L.) germplasm evaluation under two levels of soil phosphorus: growth and phosphorus absorption Acuña H., Inostroza L. and Sánchez M.P. ... 326Influence of the cutting regime on sainfoin yield (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) Demdoum S., Delgado I. and Muñoz F. ... 329Morphogenetic and structural characterization of seven tropical forage grasses Nascimento Jr. D., Rodrigues C.S., Da Silva S.C., Silveira M.C.T., Sousa B.M.L., Detmann E., Sbrissia A.F., Silva W.L., Pena K.S., Monteiro H.C.F. and Vilela H.H. ... 332Morphogenetic and structural characteristics of Andropogon gayanus cut to different heights over seasons Nascimento Jr. D., Sousa B.M.L., Da Silva S.C., Monteiro H.C.F., Rodrigues C.S., Souza Jr. S.J., Sbrissia A.F. and Ramos R.S. ... 335Legumes increase forage Brassica yield in low-input systems Fustec J., Cortés-Mora F.A., Piva G., Oury V., Pineau S. and Renaud S. ... 338Influence of 1000-grain weight on predicted density of selected varieties of pasture grass species Harkot W., Czarnecki Z. and Gawryluk A. ... 341Genetic diversity of red clover varieties listed in Germany concerning the resistance to Southern Anthracnose Jacob I., Hartmann S., Schubiger F.X. and Struck C. ... 344Osmotic adjustment and water use efficiency of seven cultivars of Lotus corniculatus L. Inostroza L., Acuña H. and Rivera H. ... 347Root system development of Lolium perenne under different management Straková M., Jank_ L. and Straka J. ... 350Genotypic differences in maize phenology, growth and biomass in response to different N fertilizer sources applied at variable rates Amanullah ... 353Conservation characteristics of maize cultivars ensiled as whole-crop, cob or stover at sequential stages of maturity Lynch J.P., O'Kiely P. and Doyle E.M. ... 356Response of Dactylis glomerata to low temperature stress Borawska-Jarmu_owicz B., Mastalerczuk G. and Kalaji M.H. ... 359Apex development and stem morphology of vernalized and regrowing tillers of timothy Seppänen M., Pakarinen K., Jokela V., Andersen J.R., Fiil A., Santanen A. and Virkajärvi P. ... 362Lifespan of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) plant organs under northern temperate climatic conditions Sturite I., Henriksen T.M. and Breland T.A. ... 365Effects of fungal endophyte infection in the grass Festuca rubra on germination and growth of four legume species Vázquez-de-Aldana B.R., Romo M., García-Ciudad A., Petisco C. and García-Criado B. ... 365Cytoplasmic genetic diversity in molecular markers within and between Lolium cultivars Wallace M.D., Provan J. and Gilliland T.J. ... 371Effect of maturity type of Lolium perenne cultivars on performance of grass-clover mixtures under frequent cutting Wulfes R. and Taube F. ... 374Session 3. From Grass to Milk and MeatInvited papersForage conservation, feeding value and milk quality Huhtanen P., Südekum K.-H., Nousiainen J. and Shingfield K.J. ... 379Authenticity and traceability of grassland production and products Monahan F.J., Moloney A.P., Downey G., Dunne P.G., Schmidt O. and Harrison S.M. ... 401Session 3.1 Forage conservation, feeding value and product qualityOral presentationsHarvest dates affect fungal counts and fungal composition of baled haylage Schenck J.A. and Müller C.E. ... 416Influence of genotype and mechanical stress on the specific polyphenol oxidase activity in pure red clover swards Weiher N., Krawutschke M., Gierus M. and Taube F. ... 419Variation of fatty acid content in grass and milk during the grazing season Wyss U., Münger A. and Collomb M. ... 422Effect of pasture botanical composition on milk composition in organic production Adler S., Dahl A.V., Vae A.H., Thuen E., Garmo T., Krogh-Jensen S., Hansen-Møller J. and Steinshamn H. ... 425Top losses in maize silage sealed with different plastic films Bernardes T.F., Nussio L.G. and Amaral R.C. ... 428Comparison of grazed grass and a TMR diet on early lactation milk production performance Kennedy E., Lewis E., Murphy J.P. and O'Donovan M. ... 431Influence of tree and shrub presence on plant nutrient content of pasture in dehesa system López-Díaz M.L., Moreno Marcos G. and Rolo Romero V. ... 434Enrichment of C in Medicago sativa and Lolium multiflorum n-alkanes Bulang M., Boguhn J. and Rodehutscord M. ... 437The condensed tannins in sainfoin cause digestive synergy on in vitro rumen fermentation of cocksfootNiderkorn V., Le Morvan A. and Baumont R. ... 440A scheduling model for forage harvesting Sørensen C.G., Bochtis D.D., Green O. and Oudshoorn F.W. ... 443Poster presentationsForage botanical and chemical composition on dairy farms with different grassland systems and production systems Adler S. and Steinshamn H. ... 446Using NIR spectroscopy to determine cow diet and geographical origin from milk samples Andueza D., Coppa M., Agabriel C., Constant I., Lombardi G. and Martin B. ... 449Development and nutritive value of three varieties of sainfoin compared to lucerne during primary growth Theodoridou K., Aufrère J., Andueza D., Pourrat J. and Baumont R. ... 452Quality of grass silages wilted as swathed or wide-spread crop Bakken A.K., Johansen A. and Synnes O.M. ... 455Top losses of corn silage sealed with oxygen barrier film Basso F.C., Reis R.A., Nogueira M., Bernardes T.F. and Roth A.P.T.P. ... 458Propionibacterium acidipropionici, Lactobacillus plantarum or its combination on the aerobic stability and microbial dynamics of corn silage Basso F.C., Reis R.A., Assis F.B., Lara E.C. and Rodrigues J.F.H. ... 461Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum or their combination effects on aerobic stability and microbial dynamics of corn silage Basso F.C., Reis R.A., Nogueira M., Assis F.B. and Roth A.P.T.P. ... 464The effect of forage species on kinetics of large and small particles in dairy cows Bayat A.R., Rinne M., Ahvenjärvi S. and Huhtanen P. ... 467Forage species effects on particle digestion kinetics estimated by rumen evacuation or gas production technique Bayat A.R., Rinne M., Seppälä, A., Ahvenjärvi S. and Huhtanen P. ... 470Non structural carbohydrate concentration of AM and PM-cut forage species Bélanger G., Pelletier S., Tremblay G.F., Bertrand A., Drapeau R., Castonguay Y. and Pageau D. ... 473Characterization of forages produced and used in the production area of Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese Bortolazzo E., Ligabue M. and Pacchioli M.T. ... 476Variability in composition of grass samples in a national testing system for Lolium perenne L. Burns G.A., Gilliland T.J., McGilloway D.A., Lewis E., O'Donovan M. and O'Kiely P. ... 479Aerobic deterioration in maize silages under different covering methods of the plastic film Amaral R.C., Queiroz B.C., Garcia E.H.C., Sá Neto A., Bernardes T.F. and Nussio L.G. ... 482Description and prediction of multi-species pasture nutritive value across the grazing season Delaby L., Baumont R., Peccatte J.R., Aufrère J. and Peyraud J.L. ... 485Physico-chemical characterisation of forage fibre from different C3-grasses in South Brazil Eggers M., Bockor J., Oliveira Júnior J.M., Warpechowski M.B., Dittrich J. and Gierus M. ... 488Fatty acid composition of forage herb species Warner D., Jensen S.K., Cone J.W. and Elgersma A. ... 491Effects of row spacing and seeding rate on sorghum whole crop yield and quality Emile J.C., Bolaños-Aguilar E.D., Le Roy P. and Audebert G. ... 494Yields and contents of condensed tannins of some forage legumes and herbs Goeritz M., Loges R. and Taube F. ... 497Effects of dry matter and additive on wilted bale silage quality and milk production Heikkilä T., Saarisalo E., Taimisto A.-M. and Jaakkola S. .. 500Aerobic stability and fermentation quality of round bale silage treated with inoculants or propionic acid Jaakkola S., Saarisalo E. and Heikkilä T. ... 503Effects of a combination of selected lactic acid bacteria strains on the fermentation quality and aerobic deterioration of maize silage Jatkauskas J. and Vrotniakiene V. ... 506Evaluation and performance of five maize hybrids for silage cut at different cutting heights Jobim C.C., Oliveira F.C.L., Branco A.F. and Santos G.T. ... 509Characterisation of the fibre composition of fresh and ensiled herbage species under varying management conditions King C., McEniry J., Richardson M. and O'Kiely P. ... 512Silage fermentation characteristics as influenced by red clover/ryegrass-mixing ratio, degree of wilting and silage inoculants Krawutschke M., Thaysen J., Weiher N., Gierus M. and Taube F. ... 515The effect of different fodder galega-grass mixtures and nitrogen fertilization on forage yield and chemical composition Lättemäe P., Meripõld H., Tamm U. and Tamm S. ... 518Insights into carbohydrate and protein fractionation in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) genotypes using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System. 1. Carbohydrate and protein fractionation Lösche M., Salama H., Gierus M., Herrmann A. and Taube F. ... 521Performance of ewes fed long or chopped grass silage using different feeding strategies Helander C., Eilersen R., Nørgaard P., Arnesson A. and Nadeau E. ... 524Volatile fraction from sugarcane silage and forage proportion on the ingestive behaviour of beef steers Daniel J.L.P., Nussio L.G., Zopollatto M., Goulart R.S., Santos V.P. and Toledo Filho S.G. ... 527Effect of additive treatment on fermentation quality and ruminal degradability of red clover-timothy silage Olt A., Kaldmäe H., Ots M., Kärt O. and Songisepp E. ... 530Effect of fungicidal control of Chewing's fescue (Festuca rubra L. ssp. commutata) and strong creeping red fescue (F. rubra L. ssp. rubra) on seed infection with fungi Panka D., Jeske M. and Szczepanek M. ... 533Suitabili