Liquid Hydrogen

1 Introduction

2 Hydrogen Production
2.1 Hydrogen from Fossil Raw Materials
2.2 Electrolytic Hydrogen Production
2.3 Thermochemical Water Decomposition Procedure
2.4 Further Procedures for Hydrogen Production from Water
- References

3 Hydrogen Liquefaction
3.1 Fundamental Principles of Hydrogen Liquefaction
3.1.1 Refrigeration Processes as a Result of External Work
3.1.2 Refrigeration Processes as a Result of Internal Work
3.2 Small and Medium Liquefaction Plants
3.3 Magnetocaloric Liquefiers
3.4 Large-scale Industrial Liquefaction Plants
- References

4 Thermal Insulation, Storage and Transportation of Liquid Hydrogen
4.1 Mechanisms of Heat Transfer and Insulation Techniques
4.2 Storage and Transportation of Liquid Hydrogen
4.3 Liquid Hydrogen Pipelines
4.4 Liquid Hydrogen Pumps
- References

5 Liquid Hydrogen as a Rocket Propellant
5.1 Chemical Rocket Propulsion
5.2 Nuclear Rocket Propulsion
- References

6 Liquid Hydrogen as Fuel
6.1 Air Transport
6.1.1 Limiting Factors
6.1.2 Current Stage of Development
6.1.3 Technical Concepts and Specific Problems
6.1.4 Accidents
6.2 Ground Transport
6.2.1 Limiting Factors
6.2.2 Propulsion Techniques
6.2.3 Comparison of Hydrogen-Fueled Vehicles Regarding Propulsion and Storage
6.2.4 Experimental Liquid Hydrogen Vehicles
6.2.5 LH2 Fuel System Components
6.2.6 Concept for Vehicles Fueled with Liquid Hydrogen
6.2.7 Vehicle Refueling
6.2.8 Behavior of the Fuel Storage and Conditioning System in Accidents
- References

7 Outlook to Future Applications
7.1 Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier in the Future
7.2 Motor Vehicle Applications
7.3 Rail Vehicle Applications
7.4 Applications in Water Transportation
7.5 Applications in Aviation and Space Flight
7.6 Liquid Hydrogen in Stationary Energy Technology
7.7 Future Prospects
- References

8 Safe Handling of Liquid Hydrogen
8.1 Materials for the Use of Liquid Hydrogen
8.2 Handling of Hydrogen as a Cryogenic Liquid
8.3 Hydrogen as