Micro and Nanotechnologies in Engineering Stem Cells and Tissues

Preface xiii
 
Contributors xv
 
1 Stem Cells and Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 1
 
1.1 A Brief History of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 1
 
1.2 Introduction to Stem Cells, 3
 
1.3 Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Strategies, 5
 
1.4 Nanotechnology in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, 8
 
1.5 Conclusions, 19
 
2 Nanofiber Technology for Controlling Stem Cell Functions and Tissue Engineering 27
 
2.1 Introduction, 27
 
2.2 Fabrication of Nanofibrous Scaffolds by Electrospinning, 30
 
2.3 Stem Cells: Type, Origin, and Functionality, 32
 
2.4 Stem Cell-Nanofiber Interactions in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, 35
 
2.5 Conclusions, 44
 
3 Micro- and Nanoengineering Approaches to Developing Gradient Biomaterials Suitable for Interface Tissue Engineering 52
 
3.1 Introduction, 52
 
3.2 Classification of Gradient Biomaterials, 54
 
3.3 Micro- and Nanoengineering Techniques for Fabricating Gradient Biomaterials, 59
 
3.4 Conclusions, 70
 
4 Microengineered Polymer- and Ceramic-Based Biomaterial Scaffolds: A Topical Review on Design, Processing, and Biocompatibility Properties 80
 
4.1 Introduction, 80
 
4.2 Dense Hydroxyapatite Versus Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffold, 85
 
4.3 Property Requirement of Porous Scaffold, 86
 
4.4 Design Criteria and Critical Issues with Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering, 88
 
4.5 An Exculpation of Porous Scaffolds, 90
 
4.6 Overview of Various Processing Techniques of Porous Scaffold, 92
 
4.7 Overview of Physicomechanical Properties Evaluation of Porous Scaffold, 95
 
4.8 Overview of Biocompatibility Properties: Evaluation of Porous Scaffolds, 104
 
4.9 Outstanding Issues, 107
 
4.10 Conclusions, 109
 
5 Synthetic Enroutes to Engineer

MURUGAN RAMALINGAM, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Centre for Stem Cell Research (a unit of Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bengaluru) at the Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. He is well known for his pioneering work on gradient biomaterials, stem cell engineering, and soft-to-hard interface tissue engineering.
 
ESMAIEL JABBARI, PhD, is Associate Professor of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Adjunct Professor of Orthopedic Surgery at the University of South Carolina. An internationally known researcher, he has published extensively on biomaterials, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
 
SEERAM RAMAKRISHNA, PhD, is Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering at the National University of Singapore. He is well known for his pioneering work on electrospinning of nanofibers.
 
ALI KHADEMHOSSEINI, PhD, is Associate Professor at the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School.