Product Policy in Europe: New Environmental Perspectives

Executive Summary.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Conceptual Framework and Theoretical Background of Product Policy.- 3 The Product Policy Quadrangle.- 4 Product Policy in Practice: Four Case Studies.- 5 Assessment, Applicability and Improvability of Product Policy.- 6 Product Policy in Europe: Experiences, Trends and International Trade Aspects.- 7 Product Management: Trends and Prospects.- 8 Conclusions and Recommendations.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 The Need for a Product-Oriented Approach in Environmental Policy.- 1.2 Objectives and Scope of this Study.- 1.3 Outline of this Book.- 2 Conceptual Framework and Theoretical Background of Product Policy.- 2.1 The Relationship between Ecosphere and Technosphere.- 2.2 Internalizing the External Costs of Products.- 2.3 History of the Development of Product Policy.- 2.4 Product Policy in Relation to Other Approaches of Environmental Policy.- 2.5 Characteristics of Product Policy.- 2.6 Relationship between Policy Making and Actors.- 2.7 Conclusions.- 3 The Product Policy Quadrangle.- 3.1 Objectives.- 3.2 Instruments.- 3.3 Actors.- 3.4 Products.- 3.5 Interrelationship Between the Four Corners of the Product Policy Quadrangle.- 4 Product Policy in Practice: Four Case Studies.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Paints.- 4.3 Batteries.- 4.4 Public Procurement.- 4.5 Eco-labelling.- 5 Assessment, Applicability and Improvability of Product Policy.- 5.1 Policy Objectives: Attitudes, Appropriateness and Interrelationship.- 5.2 The Assessment of Product Policy Instruments.- 5.3 The Application of Product Policy Instruments.- 6 Product Policy in Europe: Experiences, Trends and International Trade Aspects.- 6.1 Experiences in European Union Member States.- 6.2 Trends Within European Product Policy.- 6.3 Product Policy and International Trade.- 7 Product Management:Trends and Prospects.- 7.1 From Product Policy to Product Management: New Trends.- 7.2 The Actors and Their New Roles.- 7.3 Co-operative Behaviour Among Product Managers.- 7.4 New Forms of Production