Studying Social Networks
A Guide to Empirical Research
(Sprache: Englisch)
Das Interesse an der Netzwerkanalyse nimmt rapide zu. Bisher fehlt es jedoch an empirisch orientierten Einführungen. Das interdisziplinäre Autorenteam führt daher praxisorientiert in die Grundlagen und Methoden der empirischen Analyse sozialer Netzwerke...
Jetzt vorbestellen
versandkostenfrei
Buch (Kartoniert)
35.00 €
- Lastschrift, Kreditkarte, Paypal, Rechnung
- Kostenlose Rücksendung
Produktdetails
Produktinformationen zu „Studying Social Networks “
Das Interesse an der Netzwerkanalyse nimmt rapide zu. Bisher fehlt es jedoch an empirisch orientierten Einführungen. Das interdisziplinäre Autorenteam führt daher praxisorientiert in die Grundlagen und Methoden der empirischen Analyse sozialer Netzwerke ein. Schritt für Schritt wird der Forschungsprozess von der Untersuchungsplanung über die Auswertungsmethodik bis zur Präsentation der Ergebnisse erläutert. Damit ist das Lehrbuch für den Einsatz in Lehre, Forschung und Praxis geeignet.
This textbook provides an introduction to the process of empirical network research. In an action-oriented approach, it features explicated learning goals, numerous reference examples, and exercises that facilitate successful learning. Integrating their different disciplinary perspectives, the authors address an interdisciplinary audience of teachers, researchers, and practitioners alike.
This textbook provides an introduction to the process of empirical network research. In an action-oriented approach, it features explicated learning goals, numerous reference examples, and exercises that facilitate successful learning. Integrating their different disciplinary perspectives, the authors address an interdisciplinary audience of teachers, researchers, and practitioners alike.
Klappentext zu „Studying Social Networks “
Das Interesse an der Netzwerkanalyse nimmt rapide zu. Bisher fehlt es jedoch an empirisch orientierten Einführungen. Das interdisziplinäre Autorenteam führt daher praxisorientiert in die Grundlagen und Methoden der empirischen Analyse sozialer Netzwerke ein. Schritt für Schritt wird der Forschungsprozess von der Untersuchungsplanung über die Auswertungsmethodik bis zur Präsentation der Ergebnisse erläutert. Damit ist das Lehrbuch für den Einsatz in Lehre, Forschung und Praxis geeignet.This textbook provides an introduction to the process of empirical network research. In an action-oriented approach, it features explicated learning goals, numerous reference examples, and exercises that facilitate successful learning. Integrating their different disciplinary perspectives, the authors address an interdisciplinary audience of teachers, researchers, and practitioners alike.
Lese-Probe zu „Studying Social Networks “
Relations matter. You knew this, of course - Why else would you be in- terested in learning about social network analysis? The real questions are: How, where, when, and why do they matter? And, more pragmatically, how can you show that they do?This book is organized along the process of an empirical study of so- cial networks. It thus provides a guideline and orientation. While we concentrate on the things that are not treated in textbooks on empirical studies of population samples (i.e., non-relational studies), we still think that the book is largely self-contained.
So, what is the subject of a network study?
1.1 The Construction of Social Networks It has become commonplace to refer to interacting or otherwise depen- dent entities as networks. The phenomena described as networks range from the social interactions of human beings and the flow of goods be- tween countries to gene regulation and railroad infrastructures. What do these examples have in common that leads us to think we can model and analyze them in similar ways?
Some of the phenomena referred to as networks are real in the sense that their existence does not depend on our perspective. Online social networking services, for example, are technology-enabled products. As such they have well-defined elements. A friending protocol specifies the sequences of actions that yield a link between two user accounts. The immanent meaning of such a link is unambiguous. We may refer to the web of linked accounts as a network or not, in any case, it is represented in the service provider's databases.
However, the social network of human beings who own accounts in the above system is an inferred, construed object. It has no independent existence and is thus always subject to interpretation. In these cases, the use of the term network is that of a model or metaphor; it does not denote an unambiguous object but a perspective.
As a metaphor the term "network" is very graphic, immediately evoking images
... mehr
of points and connecting line segments. Metaphors are very useful for memorization and creative thinking. However, it is not neces- sarily obvious which aspects of a metaphor correspond to actual proper- ties of that which is represented, and which aspects do not.
Another pitfall of metaphors and models alike is the use of similar rep- resentations for weakly related phenomena. By abstracting from the non- essential (with respect to a specific perspective), otherwise invalid com- monalities and conclusions may emerge. To illustrate this point, consider (statistical) "distributions" as another example of a representation. If both the distribution of life-expectancy in the east of Austria and the household income in a suburb of Berlin are unimodal (i.e., have a single peak), does this imply that there is a relation between these two phenomena? We as- sume that you would not think so, but it appears to be much more tempt- ing to speculate about such relations when two networks exhibit similar features because it is more easily forgotten that they are simplifying and homogenizing, reductionist representations.
The study of social networks is, hence, the study of a particular type of representation in social science contexts (Freeman 1989). Therefore, social networks are constructs and do not exist as such. They are repre- sentations, in which aspects of a social phenomenon - aspects that seem to be relevant in a specific context and for a specific purpose - are expressed in ways more amenable to scientific scrutiny.
Since there are no social networks per se, it is a linguistic simplification when we say that we are studying social networks. In fact we are studying social phenomena by means of network representations. This is carried It appears that the term "social network" was coined in Barnes (1954), in which pre- cisely this image is evoked out by gathering data about aspects of a phenomenon and organizing the data in a convenient form, by applying methods that produce additional, derived data, and translating these back to the realm of the phenomenon. Clearly, this is no different from other empirical investigations. What is distinct in network analysis, however, are the kinds of data and methods, and the reasoning that motivates network representations and justifies the interpretation of results.
Another pitfall of metaphors and models alike is the use of similar rep- resentations for weakly related phenomena. By abstracting from the non- essential (with respect to a specific perspective), otherwise invalid com- monalities and conclusions may emerge. To illustrate this point, consider (statistical) "distributions" as another example of a representation. If both the distribution of life-expectancy in the east of Austria and the household income in a suburb of Berlin are unimodal (i.e., have a single peak), does this imply that there is a relation between these two phenomena? We as- sume that you would not think so, but it appears to be much more tempt- ing to speculate about such relations when two networks exhibit similar features because it is more easily forgotten that they are simplifying and homogenizing, reductionist representations.
The study of social networks is, hence, the study of a particular type of representation in social science contexts (Freeman 1989). Therefore, social networks are constructs and do not exist as such. They are repre- sentations, in which aspects of a social phenomenon - aspects that seem to be relevant in a specific context and for a specific purpose - are expressed in ways more amenable to scientific scrutiny.
Since there are no social networks per se, it is a linguistic simplification when we say that we are studying social networks. In fact we are studying social phenomena by means of network representations. This is carried It appears that the term "social network" was coined in Barnes (1954), in which pre- cisely this image is evoked out by gathering data about aspects of a phenomenon and organizing the data in a convenient form, by applying methods that produce additional, derived data, and translating these back to the realm of the phenomenon. Clearly, this is no different from other empirical investigations. What is distinct in network analysis, however, are the kinds of data and methods, and the reasoning that motivates network representations and justifies the interpretation of results.
... weniger
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Studying Social Networks “
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9How to Use this Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
1.1The Construction of Social Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . .131.2Social Network Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151.2.1The Community Question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151.2.2Viral Marketing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201.2.3Corporate Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211.3Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
2. Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272.1Social Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292.2Networks as Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312.2.1Explanatory Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .352.2.2Dependent Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .372.3Typology of Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .472.3.1Complete Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .492.3.2Ego-centered Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .522.4Longitudinal Network Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .552.5Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .572.6Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
3. Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .613.1Kindsof Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .623.1.1Units and Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .623.1.2Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .673.1.3Which Data for Which Type of Network? . . . . .723.2Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .753.2.1Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
... mehr
.753.2.2Boundary Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .833.2.3Alter Recall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .853.3Quality Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .933.4Ethical Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .973.5Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .993.6Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
4. Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1034.1Mathematical Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1044.1.1Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064.1.2Ego-Centered Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1094.1.3Two-Mode Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104.2Indexing and Grouping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1114.2.1Dyads as the Unit of Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1124.2.2Network Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1184.2.3Centrality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1234.2.4Cohesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1304.2.5Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1344.2.6Blockmodeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1374.3Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1404.3.1Idealized Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1414.3.2Exponential-Family Random Graph Models . . . . 1434.4Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1454.5Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
5. Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1495.1Graphical Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1515.1.1Sociogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1515.1.2Sociomatrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1555.1.3Two-Mode Network Representations . . . . . . . . 1595.2Multivariate Information Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . .1625.2.1Substance-Based Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1655.2.2Other Graphical Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1695.3Information Layering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1695.3.1Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1705.3.2Level of Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1745.3.3Micro/Macro Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1755.4Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1775.5Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
6. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
List of Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
4. Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1034.1Mathematical Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1044.1.1Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1064.1.2Ego-Centered Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1094.1.3Two-Mode Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104.2Indexing and Grouping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1114.2.1Dyads as the Unit of Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1124.2.2Network Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1184.2.3Centrality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1234.2.4Cohesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1304.2.5Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1344.2.6Blockmodeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1374.3Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1404.3.1Idealized Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1414.3.2Exponential-Family Random Graph Models . . . . 1434.4Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1454.5Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
5. Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1495.1Graphical Representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1515.1.1Sociogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1515.1.2Sociomatrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1555.1.3Two-Mode Network Representations . . . . . . . . 1595.2Multivariate Information Visualization . . . . . . . . . . . .1625.2.1Substance-Based Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1655.2.2Other Graphical Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1695.3Information Layering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1695.3.1Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1705.3.2Level of Detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1745.3.3Micro/Macro Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1755.4Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1775.5Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
6. Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
List of Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
... weniger
Autoren-Porträt von Marina Hennig, Ulrik Brandes, Jürgen Pfeffer, Ines Mergel
Marina Hennig ist Professorin für Netzwerkforschung und Familiensoziologie an der Universität Mainz. Ulrik Brandes ist Professor für Algorithmik am Fachbereich Informatik der Universität Konstanz. Jürgen Pfeffer ist PostDoc am Institute for Software Research der Carnegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania. Ines Mergel ist Assistant Professor für Public Administration an der Syracuse University, New York.
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autoren: Marina Hennig , Ulrik Brandes , Jürgen Pfeffer , Ines Mergel
- 2012, 218 Seiten, 49 Abbildungen, Maße: 15,3 x 22,8 cm, Kartoniert (TB), Englisch
- Verlag: CAMPUS VERLAG
- ISBN-10: 3593397633
- ISBN-13: 9783593397634
- Erscheinungsdatum: 06.09.2012
Sprache:
Englisch
Kommentar zu "Studying Social Networks"
0 Gebrauchte Artikel zu „Studying Social Networks“
| Zustand | Preis | Porto | Zahlung | Verkäufer | Rating |
|---|
Schreiben Sie einen Kommentar zu "Studying Social Networks".
Kommentar verfassen