The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements
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The scope of Volume 6 encompasses: actinides in the geosphere, subsurface interactions of actinides species with microorganisms, chemistry of nuclear fuels, actinide waste forms and radiation effects, analytical chemistry of plutonium, actinide chalcogenide compounds, molecular spectroscopy and reaction of the actinide ions in the gas phase and rare gas matrices, and hydrothermal synthesis of actinide compounds.
This volume is written by active practitioners and recognized experts in their specialty areas. Each of the topics represents the current state of knowledge in this fascinating area of science and technology.
Norman Edelstein is an emeritus Senior Scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). He started his studies in actinide chemistry with Professor Burris B. Cunningham in 1964 at LBNL (then the University of California Radiation Laboratory), USA. Following Professor Cunningham's untimely death in 1972 he became head of the actinide chemistry group and held that position until his assignment in 2000 and 2001 as temporary Program Manager for Heavy Element Chemistry at the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, Germantown, Maryland, USA. His primary research interests are the optical properties, magnetic properties, and electronic structure of the actinides and lanthanides; the general, inorganic and solution chemistry of the actinides; and synchrotron radiation studies of actinides and other environmentally relevant materials. Dr. Edelstein has published over 200 papers on these and other topics and has edited
Jean Fuger is Professor Emeritus at the University of Liège, Belgium, where he has taught courses in radiochemistry, analytical chemistry, and related subjects. In the early stages of his career, whilst associated with the Inter-University Institute for Nuclear Sciences (Brussels, Belgium), he made extensive stays at the University of California Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley, USA, with Professor Burris B. Cunningham, from whom he learned various microchemical techniques in actinide chemistry, with emphasis on preparative chemistry and microcalorimetry. From 1986 to 1997 he served as head of the chemistry division and later as deputy director of the European Institute for Transuranium Elements, Karlsruhe, Germany. His research interests are centered on the structural and thermodynamic properties of the lanthanides and actinides and their compounds, as well as the solution chemistry of these elements. He published about 125 papers, and 20 monographs and book chapters on these topics.
- 2010, 4th ed., 850 Seiten, Maße: 16 x 24,1 cm, Gebunden, Englisch
- Verlag: Springer Netherlands
- ISBN-10: 9048131464
- ISBN-13: 9789048131464
The Chapter Actinides in geosphere combines well which actinides are natural and which are anthropogenic in the environment, tracking them with their isotopic fingerprint. The occurrences of Th and U are well treated and discussed. The presence of the cogenerated 239Np and 239Pu is also discussed together with the primordial 244Pu e.g.[ 1] which remains however a question [ 2]. An assessment shall be valuable (as well as for the claim of Cf). Anthropogenic actinide release from civil activities (reactor or reprocessing accidents) and military (atmospheric, underground tests) activities are well described. Actinide species i.e. defined redox, complexation states and their association/aggregation states (as precipitated, sorbed, mineralized ...) affect their retention. These key processes in the migration studies are addressed. These have been the topic of numerous laboratory studies which publications are cited. However, as pointed out, the number of actinide studies in in-situ tests is astonishingly small. With higher burn-up the need to study actinides must increase. Their potential presence in the environment may become more consequent as well as their associated risks.
The actinide behaviour from nuclear wastes, the efficiency
The analytical chemistry of plutonium is a key Chapter that combines the sample preparation and the analytical methods: spectrophotometry, emission spectrometry, thermochromatography, volumetry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray, including XAS, XRF, and, mass spectrometry including TIMS, ICPMS, AMS and SIMS. The radiometric spectrometry such as a, b, g as well as the neutron detection and the fission track methods are also treated. For more discussion about the detection limits for applying these techniques the reader may refer to Chapter 27 for details. Data handling is included. Important issues of nuclear forensic investigations are illustrated by case studies. The hazards involved with potential nuclear smuggling or terrorism are the driving forces deploying and developing these methodologies.
For actinide fundamental sciences, specific compounds are presented in Chapter 37. The Chapter Actinide chalcogenide compounds needs to be cited. These compounds require to be investigated for example for understanding the behaviour and speciation of Se and Te in fuels. The review is systematic; it ranges through binary, ternary and quaternary actinide chalcogenides. Going from AnQ e.g. [ ] to AnQ5 e.g. UTe5 for the binary. Ternary compounds include often an alkali element, while quaternary may include phosphorous. Even if the studies deal mainly with U and Th, a couple of compounds including Pu and P are included in the discussion. The chapter deals mainly with structures of these specific compounds. Thermodynamic data shall be needed in the future to complete the picture.
Finally the Chapter on Hydrothermal synthesis and structures of actinides compounds gives us perspectives. The hydrothermal syntheses were tested for all actinides going from Th through Cf and for redox states ranging from 3+ to 6+. The hydrothermal synthesis method is well suited for the production of macro-crystals. New structures were discovered together with unusual properties such as long range magnetic ordering, selective ion-exchangers, selective oxidation catalysis, photoluminescence andintercalation for specific actinide compounds. The high quality ofcrystals produced allows production of excellent structural data that are well documented in the Chapter.
References1. Nature 221, 726 - 729 (22 February 1969); doi:10.1038/221726a0, Plutonium-244 in the Early Solar System,P. K. KURODA, Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Recent studies on the abundances of 244Pu and 129I in the early solar system support the continuous galactic nucleosynthesis theory. The agreement between the two "nuclear clocks" is excellent.2. Nature 222, 1156 (21 June 1969); doi:10.1038/2221156a0 Uranium Content of Some Stone Meteorites and their Pu-Xe Decay Interval DAVID E. FISHER Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149.Kuroda and Reynolds have recently discussed whether or not the Pu-Xe and I-Xe decay intervals of stone meteorites are concordant, and the implications of this question to models of galactic nucleosynthesis. Kuroda states1,2 that they are concordant, while Reynolds3,4 believes the question is still open. Kuroda notes that the 136fXe/U ratios are excessively high in two eucrites, Petersburg and Moore County, indicating Pu-Xe decay intervals for these two meteorites which are not concordant with their I-Xe decay intervals beyond his acceptable limits of error (± 30 per cent). Using his average eucrite uranium abundance of 130 p.p.b. for these two meteorites, instead of their measured abundances of 100 and 40 p.p.b. respectively, he brings the decay intervals to near concordancy, arguing that the measured uranium abundances may well be wrong because of tellurium interferences with the neutron activation analysis. It therefore becomes a critical test of Kuroda's model to measure the uranium in either of these meteorites by a different technique. In particular, the difference between the measured and predicted U abundances in Moore County is significant.
3. Actinide sulfides in the gas phase: experimental and theoretical studies of the thermochemistry of AnS (An = Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am and Cm) Cláudia C. L. Pereira , Colin J. Marsden , Joaquim Marçalo and John K. Gibson, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2011, 13, 12940-12958Review by Prof. Dr. Claude Degueldre, Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland.
Die Sanddorn-Reihe 3 Bände
Lena Johannson
Statt 29.97 € 8
14.99 € 10
Brot in Perfektion 2 Bd.
Lutz Geißler
Statt 59.90 € 6
24.99 € 10
Abnehm Blitzrezepte nach dem 20:80 Prinzip
MATTHIAS DR. MED. RIEDL
Statt 16.99 € 21
9.99 € 4
Die verschwundene Schwester / Die sieben Schwestern Bd.7
Lucinda Riley
22.00 €
Kingsbridge - Der Morgen einer neuen Zeit
Ken Follett
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19.99 € 4
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