The Molecular Structure of Amino Acids
Determination by X-Ray Diffraction Analysis
(Sprache: Englisch)
The last decade has seen great progress in the study'of the structure and functions of living organisms at the molecular level; molecular biology has become a new branch of science [1-16]. One of the major problems of molecular biology concerns the...
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The last decade has seen great progress in the study'of the structure and functions of living organisms at the molecular level; molecular biology has become a new branch of science [1-16]. One of the major problems of molecular biology concerns the structure of proteins. Some information about protein structure is provided by the electron microscope, by the ultracentrifuge, and by small-angle x-ray scattering; the last gives the fullest information about the atomic structure of protein molecules, but x-ray study of biological objects represents a difficult and laborious task. In this way the struc tures of three proteins have been established: hemoglobin, myoglobin [2, 8J, and lysozyme [10]; work has begun on ribonuclease, insulin, chymo trypSin, carboxypeptidase, and so on [14-16]. A knowledge of the structures of amino acids and peptides is of con siderable value in elucidating the structure and functions of proteins. Near ly all proteins consist largely of 22 principal amino acids, which are linked together in polypeptide chains. The peptide link always arises between an a-amino group and the carboxyl group in the next amino acid residue, so all polypeptide chains have the same backbone, to which are attached dif ferent radicals R (Fig. 1).
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „The Molecular Structure of Amino Acids “
Properties and Classification of Amino Acids.- I. Crystal Structures of Aliphatic Amino Acids.- 1. Monoaminomonocarboxylic Acids.- Glycine (Aminoacetic Acid).- Alanine (?-Aminopropionic Acid).- Valine (?-Aminoisovalerianic Acid).- Leucine (?-Aminoisocaproic Acid).- Isoleucine (?-Amino-?-Methylvalerianic Acid).- Norleucine (?-Aminocaproic Acid).- 2. Hydroxymonoaminomonocarboxylic Acids.- Serine (?-Amino-?-Hydroxypropionic Acid).- Threonine (?-Amino-?- Hydroxybutyric Acid).- 3. Monoaminodicarboxylic Acids.- Aspartic Acid (?-Aminosuccinic Acid).- Glutamic Acid (?-Aminoglutaric Acid).- 4. Amides of Monoaminodicarboxylic Acid).- Asparagine (?-Amide of a-Aminosuccinic Acid).- Glutamine (?-Amide of ?-Aminoglutaric Acid).- 5. Diaminomonocarboxylic Acids.- Arginine (?-Amino-?-Guanidinovalerianic Acid).- Lysine (?,?-Diaminocaproic Acid).- 6. Sulfur Amino Acids.- Cysteine (?-Amino-?-Mercaptopropionic Acid).- Cystine (?,?-Dithiodi-?-Aminopropionic Acid).- Methionine (?-Amino-?-Methylthiobutyric Acid).- II. Crystal Structures of Aromatic and Heterocyclic Amino Acids.- 7. Aromatic Amino Acids.- Phenylalanine (?-Amino-?-Phenylpropionic Acid).- Tyrosine (?-Amino-?-Hydroxyphenylpropionic Acid).- 8. Heterocyclic Amino Acids.- Tryptophan [?-Amino-?-(3-Indolyl)propionic Acid].- Histidine (?-Amino-?-Imidazopropionic Acid).- Proline (?-Pyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid).- Hydroxyproline (4-Hydroxypyrrolidine-2-Carboxylic Acid).- III. General Relations of Molecular Structure to Packing in Crystal Structures for Amino Acids.- 9. Molecular Structures of Amino Acids.- 10. Packing of Amino Acid Molecules in Crystals and Hydrogen Bonds.- Literature Cited.
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autor: Galina V. Gurskaya
- 2012, 1968, 122 Seiten, Maße: 21 x 27,9 cm, Kartoniert (TB), Englisch
- Verlag: Springer, Berlin
- ISBN-10: 1468415689
- ISBN-13: 9781468415681
Sprache:
Englisch
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