The Nucleolus and Ribosome Biogenesis
(Sprache: Englisch)
The nucleolus had consistently attracted the attention of investigators in the fields of cell biology and pathology. Because of its ubiquitous presence in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, its rapid changes during their life cycle, and its rapid response to...
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Klappentext zu „The Nucleolus and Ribosome Biogenesis “
The nucleolus had consistently attracted the attention of investigators in the fields of cell biology and pathology. Because of its ubiquitous presence in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, its rapid changes during their life cycle, and its rapid response to noxious agents, this organelle has been the subject of a large number of studies. Yet, the exact function and the very reason for the existence of the nucleolus (the only large cellular structure not delimited by a membrane) remain largely unknown. The ribosomes were discovered relatively late in the study of cells, but due to their crucial involvement in the protein synthesis machinery of all living organisms, the elucidation of their structure and function quickly became one of the major goals of molecular biology. The relatively simple structure of the ribosome strengthens the hope that a full understanding of the structure and function of this organelle in molecular terms is within the reach of contemporary research~ Since each of the rRNA and protein molecules embodied in the ribosome is the product of a distinct gene, studies on the biogenesis of ribosomes expanded rapidly to become a core topic in molecular genetics.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „The Nucleolus and Ribosome Biogenesis “
I. IntroductionII. Ribosomal Genes
II. 1. Definitions
II.2. Ribosomal RNA Genes
II.2.1. Multiplicity
II.2.2. Chromosomal Location
II.2.3. Extrachromosomal rRNA Genes
II.2.4. Organization and Structure
II.2.4.1. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
II.2.4.2. Tetrahymena
II.2.4.3. Drosophila
II.2.4.4. Xenopus laevis
II.2.4.5. Higher Plants
II.2.4.6. Mammalia
II.2.5. General Features
II.3. 5 S rRNA Genes
II.3.1. Number and Chromosomal Location
II.3.2. Organization and Structure
II.4. Ribosomal Protein Genes
II.5. Synopsis
III. Transcription of Ribosomal Genes
III. 1. Components of the Transcription Complex
III. 1.1. RNA Polymerases
III. 1.2. Nucleolar rDNA and r-Chromatin
III.2. The Transcription Process >
III.2.1. Topology of Primary Pre-rRNA
III.2.2. Morphology of Transcribed rRNA Genes
III.2.3. Transcribed and Non-Transcribed r-Chromatin
III.2.4. Primary Transcripts and Primary Pre-rRNA
III.2.5. Transcription Initiation and Termination
III.2.5.1. Initiation
III.2.5.2. Termination
III.2.6. Transcription in vitro
III.3. Transcription of 5 S rRNA Genes
III.4. Transcription of r-Protein Genes
III.5. Synopsis
IV. Maturation of Preribosomes
IV. 1. Structure of Primary Pre-rRNA
IV. 1.1. Size and Primary Structure
IV. 1.2. Modifications
IV. 1.3. Conformation
IV.2. Pre-rRNA Maturation Pathways
IV.2.1. General Considerations
IV.2.2. Common Pattern of Pre-rRNA Maturation
IV.2.3. Multiplicity of Maturation Pathways
IV. 2.4. Enzyme Mechanisms
IV. 3. Preribosomes: Structure and Maturation
IV. 4. Synopsis
V. Molecular Architecture of the Nucleolus
V. 1. Introduction
V.2. Nucleolus Organizer
V. 2.1. Chromosomes
V.2.2. Interphase Nuclei
V.3. Fibrillar and Granular Components
V.3.1. The Fibrillar Component
V.3.2. The Granular Component
V.4. The Nucleolus and Other Nuclear Structures
V.4.1. Nucleolus-Associated Chromatin
V.4.2. The Junction with the Nuclear Envelope
V.5. The Nucleolar Matrix
V.6. Macromolecular Constituents
V.6.1. DNA
... mehr
and RNA
V. 6.2. Nucleolar Proteins
V.6.2.1. General
V.6.2.2. Ag-NOR Protein(s)
V. 6.2.3. Nucleolar Antigens
V. 7. Outline
VI. Regulation
VI. l. General Considerations
VI.2. Transscriptional Control
VI. 2.1. Transitions in the State of Expression of rRNA Genes
VI. 2.1.1. Inactive r-Chromatin
VI.2.1.2. Potentialy Active and Transcribed rRNA Genes
VI.2.2. Control of Transcription Rate
VI.2.2.1. Role of RNA Polymerase I
VI.2.2.2. Supply of Nucleoside-5'-Triphosphates..
VI.2.2.3. Role of Protein Synthesis
VI.3. Posttranscriptional Control
VI.3.1. Synthesis and Supply of r-Proteins
VI.3.2. The Role of Pre-rRNA Structure
VI.3.3. The Role of 5 S rRNA
VI.3.4. Critical Control Sites
VI.3.4.1. Alternative Processing Pathways and Intranuclear Degradation of Preribosomes and Ribosomes
VI.3.4.2. Release From the Nucleolus and Nucleo- Cytoplasmic Transport of Ribosomes
VI.3.4.3. Turnover of Ribosomes
VI.4. Autogeneous Regulation of Ribosome Biogenesis in Eukaryotes: A Model
VI.5. Synopsis
VII. Ribosome Biogenesis in the Life Cycle of Normal and Cancer Cells
VII. 1. Nucleologenesis and Nucleololysis
VII. 1.1. Nucleoli and Ribosome Biogenesis Düring the Mitotic Cycle
VII. 1.2. Nucleologenesis
VII. 1.3. Nuclyeololysis
VII.2. Inhibition of Ribosome Biogenesis
VII.2.1. Inhibitors Interacting With DNA and Chromatin
VII.2.2. Inhibitors That Act on RNA Polymerases
VII.2.3. Inhibitors of Nucleoside-5'-Triphosphate Formation
VII.2.4. The Effects of Analogues Incorporated into Polyribonu- cleotide Chains
VII.2.5. Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis
VII.2.6. Interpretation of Nucleolar Alterations
VII.2.6.1. Nucleolar Segregation
VII.2.6.2. Nucleolar Spherical Bodies and Perichromatin Granules
VII.2.6.3. Microspherules
VII.2.6.4. Nucleolar Fragmentation
VII.3. Growth Transitions
VII.3.1. Modulation of Growth Rates in Yeasts
VII.3.2. Activation of Lymphocytes
VII.3.3. Growth Stimulation of Cultured Cells
VII.3.4. Differentiation of Myoblasts in Culture
VII.3.5. Regeneration of Rat Liver
VII.4. Senescent and Cancer Cells
VII.4.1. Senscent Cells and Tissues
VII.4.2. Cancer Cells
VII.5. Synopsis
- References
V. 6.2. Nucleolar Proteins
V.6.2.1. General
V.6.2.2. Ag-NOR Protein(s)
V. 6.2.3. Nucleolar Antigens
V. 7. Outline
VI. Regulation
VI. l. General Considerations
VI.2. Transscriptional Control
VI. 2.1. Transitions in the State of Expression of rRNA Genes
VI. 2.1.1. Inactive r-Chromatin
VI.2.1.2. Potentialy Active and Transcribed rRNA Genes
VI.2.2. Control of Transcription Rate
VI.2.2.1. Role of RNA Polymerase I
VI.2.2.2. Supply of Nucleoside-5'-Triphosphates..
VI.2.2.3. Role of Protein Synthesis
VI.3. Posttranscriptional Control
VI.3.1. Synthesis and Supply of r-Proteins
VI.3.2. The Role of Pre-rRNA Structure
VI.3.3. The Role of 5 S rRNA
VI.3.4. Critical Control Sites
VI.3.4.1. Alternative Processing Pathways and Intranuclear Degradation of Preribosomes and Ribosomes
VI.3.4.2. Release From the Nucleolus and Nucleo- Cytoplasmic Transport of Ribosomes
VI.3.4.3. Turnover of Ribosomes
VI.4. Autogeneous Regulation of Ribosome Biogenesis in Eukaryotes: A Model
VI.5. Synopsis
VII. Ribosome Biogenesis in the Life Cycle of Normal and Cancer Cells
VII. 1. Nucleologenesis and Nucleololysis
VII. 1.1. Nucleoli and Ribosome Biogenesis Düring the Mitotic Cycle
VII. 1.2. Nucleologenesis
VII. 1.3. Nuclyeololysis
VII.2. Inhibition of Ribosome Biogenesis
VII.2.1. Inhibitors Interacting With DNA and Chromatin
VII.2.2. Inhibitors That Act on RNA Polymerases
VII.2.3. Inhibitors of Nucleoside-5'-Triphosphate Formation
VII.2.4. The Effects of Analogues Incorporated into Polyribonu- cleotide Chains
VII.2.5. Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis
VII.2.6. Interpretation of Nucleolar Alterations
VII.2.6.1. Nucleolar Segregation
VII.2.6.2. Nucleolar Spherical Bodies and Perichromatin Granules
VII.2.6.3. Microspherules
VII.2.6.4. Nucleolar Fragmentation
VII.3. Growth Transitions
VII.3.1. Modulation of Growth Rates in Yeasts
VII.3.2. Activation of Lymphocytes
VII.3.3. Growth Stimulation of Cultured Cells
VII.3.4. Differentiation of Myoblasts in Culture
VII.3.5. Regeneration of Rat Liver
VII.4. Senescent and Cancer Cells
VII.4.1. Senscent Cells and Tissues
VII.4.2. Cancer Cells
VII.5. Synopsis
- References
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Bibliographische Angaben
- Autor: A. A. Hadjiolov
- 2011, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1985, XII, 272 Seiten, 46 Abbildungen, Maße: 17 x 24,4 cm, Kartoniert (TB), Englisch
- Verlag: Springer
- ISBN-10: 3709187443
- ISBN-13: 9783709187449
Sprache:
Englisch
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