The Optics of Life

Acknowledgments ix Chapter One Introduction 1 Chapter Two Units and Geometry 8 Chapter Three Emission 31 Chapter Four Absorption 75 Chapter Five Scattering 116 Chapter Six Scattering with Interference 151 Chapter Seven Fluorescence 181 Chapter Eight Polarization 203 Chapter Nine Measuring Light 237 Chapter Ten What Is Light, Really? 271 Appendix A Converting Spectral Irradiance to Lux 287 Appendix B Calculating the Absorbance Spectrum of a Visual Pigment 290 Appendix C?Refractive Indices of Common Substances 292 Appendix D Optical Properties of Very Clear Water 293 Appendix E?Optical Properties of Natural Waters 295 Appendix F?Useful Formulas 297 Appendix G Equipment and Software Suppliers 302 Bibliography 307 Index 319

Sonke Johnsen is associate professor of biology at Duke University.

One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2012 "Because of its emphasis on correctly approaching the way physical measurements should be made, The Optics of Life has something to offer anyone whose research directly or tangentially involves light. More than a biologist's guide to light in nature, this book is a guide for any scientist interested in optics and the world around us."--Physics Today "Johnsen has written an excellent, readable, practical, and greatly entertaining introductory book on light and its applications in the biological sciences, including ecology... Johnsen takes the point of view that some aspects of light are best described using the ideas from wave mechanics while other aspects are best addressed using particle mechanics."--Choice "This book is written in an entertaining style so it is a pleasure to read. Each chapter starts with a thought-provoking quote, and ends with an amusing and interesting anecdote or reverie. My favorite chapters contain illuminating discussions on scattering, scattering with interference, absorbance, and transparency."--John E. Steffen, Integrative and Comparative Biology "[V]isual ecology and physiology have become significantly productive subdisciplines in biology... S?nke Johnsen serves as a conduit between these two fields, as he gracefully presents the physical principles of optics in a simplifying manner that makes the reader want to apply new found knowledge to their own research."--John E. Steffen, Integrative and Comparative Biology "Anyone interested in this subfield who lacks a background in the subject would be well-advised to read this book first. Johnsen masterfully guides the reader through a fascinating area of applied optics which has been very active in recent decades. It contains many useful examples drawn from nature and everyday life. It will be of interest to a variety of readers, from undergraduate students in biology to curious researchers looking for a greater understanding of