The Psychology of Expertise

I. Introduction.- 1. Doing Psychology in an AI Context: A Personal Perspective and Introduction to This Volume.- 2. Knowledge and Knowledge Acquisition in the Computational Context.- II. Cognitive Theory and Expertise.- 3. Modeling Human Expertise in Expert Systems.- 4. Mental Models and the Acquisition of Expert Knowledge.- 5. Conceptual Analysis as a Basis for Knowledge Acquisition.- III. Knowledge Elicitation Methods.- 6. Implications of Cognitive Theory for Knowledge Acquisition.- 7. Knowledge Acquisition and Constructivist Epistemology.- 8. Eliciting and Using Experiential Knowledge and General Expertise.- 9. Managing and Documenting the Knowledge Acquisition Process.- 10. Using Knowledge Engineering to Preserve Corporate Memory.- IV. Psychological Research on Expertise.- 11. On Being an Expert: A Cost-Benefit Analysis.- 12. Mnemonics and Expert Knowledge: Mental Cuing.- 13. The Role of General Ability in Cognitive Complexity: A Case Study of Expertise.- V. Expert-Novice Differences and the Development of Expertise.- 14. Expert-Novice Differences and Knowledge Elicitation.- 15. When Novices Elicit Knowledge: Question Asking in Designing, Evaluating, and Learning to Use Software.- 16. The Programmer's Burden: Developing Expertise in Programming.- VI. Overview.- 17. The Psychology of Expertise and Knowledge Acquisition: Comments on the Chapters in This Volume.- Appendix A. Bibliography: Psychological Theory and Reviews.- Appendix B. Bibliography: Empirical and Experimental Investigations of Expertise.- Appendix C. Bibliography: Knowledge Elicitation.- Appendix D. Bibliography: Automated Knowledge Elicitation, Representation, and Instantiation ("Knowledge Acquisition").- Appendix E. Bibliography: Expertise in Programming.- Appendix F. Bibliography: AI Theory, Philosophy, and Reviews of Expert Systems.- Appendix G. Bibliography: Applications of Expert Systems.- Appendix H. Bibliography: Programming, Building, and Verifying Expert Systems.- Author Index.