TNM Supplement

Preface

Organizations associated with the TNM System

National Committees

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

Chapter 1 EXPLANATORY NOTES - General

The General Rules of the TNM System

General Rule No. 1

General Rule No. 2

General Rule No. 3

General Rule No. 4

General Rule No. 5

The TNM Clinical and Pathological Classifications

T/pT Classification

Regional Lymph Nodes

N/pN Classification

Sentinel Lymph Node

M Classification

Who Is Responsible for TNM Coding?

The Significance of X

Stage Grouping

Residual Tumour (R) Classification

Additional Descriptors

m symbol

y symbol

r symbol, recurrent tumour

a symbol

L Classification

V Classification

Pn Perineural invasion

Symbols for describing methods of staging

Unknown primary

Staging of Tumours for Which No TNM Classification Is Provided

Histopathological Grading

References

Chapter 2 EXPLANATORY NOTES - Specific anatomical sites

Head and Neck Tumours

General

Anatomy

Extension to Adjacent Sites

Regional Lymph Nodes

T Classification

N Classification

Lip and Oral Cavity

Lip

Oral Cavity

Pharynx

Oropharynx

Nasopharynx

Hypopharynx

Larynx

Anatomical Definitions

Superior and Inferior Boundaries of the Glottis

Pathological Criteria of Impaired Vocal Cord

Mobility or Vocal Cord Fixation Associated Carcinoma in situ

Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses

Salivary Glands

Thyroid

Digestive System Tumours

Rules for Classification

Oesophagus

Stomach

Anatomy

Regional Lymph Nodes

T Classification

Small intestine

Colon and Rectum

Anatomical Sites arid Subsites

Local Recurrence

Regional Lymph Nodes

T/pT Classification

N/pN Classification

M Classification

Anal Canal

Rules for Classification

T Classification

Liver

Rules for Classification

Regional Lymph Nodes

T/pT Classification

Gallbladder

Extrahepatic Bile

Prof. Dr. med. Hans-Joachim Meyer ist Leiter der Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie am Städtischen Klinikum Solingen und gilt als Experte für Tumoren des Verdauungstrakts. Er ist Mitautor seit der 6. deutschen Auflage der TNM-Klassifikation.