Treated Wastewater in Agriculture

Phosphorus (Bnayahu Bar-Yosef). References. 5.3 Calcium and carbonate (Gil Eshel and Michael J. Singer). References. Chapter 6 Toxic elements. 6.1 Boron (Uri Yermiyahu, Alon Ben-Gal and Rami Keren). References. 6.2 Chlorides in treated wastewater and their effects on plants (Uzi Kafkafi). References. Chapter 7 Heavy metals in soils irrigated with wastewater (Amir Hass, Uri Mingelgrin and Pinchas Fine). List of acronyms. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Heavy metals in effluents. 7.3 Organic matter: composition in wastewater effluents and behavior in soil. 7.4 Attenuation of heavy metals in soils irrigated with effluents. 7.5 Loading limits of metals. 7.6 Metals: interaction with soil components. 7.7 Distribution of metals among the soil's solid fractions. 7.8 The stability, pH and Eh of free oxides, and their effect on the geochemical distribution of metals. 7.9 Heavy metal solubility and speciation in the soil solution. 7.10 Mobility of heavy metals in the soil profile. 7.11 Availability to plants. 7.12 Summary and conclusions. References. Chapter 8 Salinity (Nico E. Marcar, Tivi Theiveyanathan and Daryl P. Stevens) 8.1 The nature of salinity. 8.2 Measuring salinity. 8.3 Mechanism of soil salinisation. 8.4 Salinity in wastewater. 8.5 Effects of salinity on plant growth and water use. 8.6 Water use. 8.7 Managing root-zone salinity. 8.8 Summary and conclusions. References. Chapter 9 Physical aspects (Guy J. Levy and Shmuel Assouline). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Soil structural stability. 9.3 Soil hydraulic properties. 9.4 Soil surface sealing, infiltration and runoff. 9.5 Soil erosion. 9.6 Water repellency. 9.7 Concluding comments. References. Chapter 10 Fouling in microirrigation systems applying treated wastewater effluents (Carlos G. Dosoretz, Jorge Tarchitzky, Ilan Katz, Elisha Kenig and Yona Chen). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Quality of treated effluents as a source of irrigation water. 10.3 Emitter clogging in relation to irrigation water quality. 10.4 Management of emitter clogging. 10.5 Recovery of clogged emitters. 10.6 Concluding remarks and future prospects. References. Chapter 11 Effects of treated municipal wastewater irrigation on soil microbiology (Dror Minz, Rachel Karyo and Zev Gerstl). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Soil microbial ecology and activities. 11.3 Human pathogens. 11.4 Summary and conclusions. References. Chapter 12 Impact of irrigation with treated wastewater on pesticides and other organic microcontaminants in soils (Zev Gerstl and Ellen R. Graber). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 The effect of DOM on the chemical behavior of organic xenobiotics. 12.3 Effluent-borne organic contaminants. 12.4 Summary and conclusions. References. Chapter 13 Organic matter in wastewater and treated wastewaterirrigated soils: properties and effects (Yona Chen, Carlos G. Dosoretz, Ilan Katz, Elizabeth Jueschke, Bernd Marschner and Jorge Tarchitzky). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Organic matter in wastewater. 13.3 Soil organic matter (SOM). 13.4 The influence of treated-wastewater-borne organic matter on soil organic matter. 13.5 The influence of treated-wastewater-borne organic matter on soil properties. 13.6 Concluding remarks. References. Chapter 14 Analysis of transport of mixed Na/Ca salts in a three-dimensional heterogeneous variably saturated soil (David Russo). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Modeling of transport of mixed Na/Ca salts in spatially heterogeneous, variably saturated soils. 14.3 Simulation of transport of mixed Na/Ca salts in spatially heterogeneous, variably saturated soils. 14.4 Summary and concluding remarks. References. Index.