VMware vSphere Performance

85Considerations for NUMA and vNUMA 86Hot Plug of CPU Resources 86Understanding CPU Resource Management 86Understanding CPU Reservations 87Understanding CPU Limits 88Configuring CPU Reservations and Limits 88Understanding Resource Pools 88Troubleshooting CPU Performance Problems 91Using esxtop to Diagnose CPU Performance Issues 91High CPU Ready Time 93High ESXi Host CPU Utilization 93High Guest CPU Utilization 95Summary 95Chapter 5 * Memory 97Getting to Know ESXi Memory Management 97Memory Virtualization 98Memory Management in ESXi 99Hardware-Assisted MMU Virtualization 101Reclaiming Memory from VMs 101Transparent Page Sharing 102Ballooning 103Memory Compression 108Hypervisor Swapping 111Host SSD Cache Swapping 112Host Memory Reclamation 114Idle Page Reclamation 114Managing Virtual Machine Memory Allocation 115Working Set Size 116Proportional Share-Based Algorithm 116Sizing Memory for Virtual Machines 121Memory Overhead 122Memory Overcommitment 123Troubleshooting Memory Performance Problems 123Using esxtop to Diagnose Memory Performance Issues 124High VM Consumed Memory 127High Memory Ballooning 127Hypervisor Swapping 128Guest Operating System Swapping 129Summary 130Chapter 6 * Network 131Creating a Network Design 131Designing Your Physical Network 132Choosing a Virtual Switch 133Considering the Standard vSwitch 134Considering the vSphere Distributed Switch 135Considering the Cisco Nexus 1000V dvSwitch 138Which Virtual Switch Do I Choose? 138Selecting Host Hardware 139Host Server Type 139Network Adapters 141Designing for Performance 142ESXi Host-Level Performance 142Virtual Machine Performance 150Troubleshooting Networking Issues 155Slow Virtual Machine Networking Performance 155Summary 165Chapter 7 * Storage 167Choosing Your Storage Platform 167Storage Area Networks 168Network File System 170Virtual SAN 171Designing Physical Storage 172Determine Your Requirements 172RAID Levels 175Flash Infrastructure Layer 180Networking for IP Storage 180Designing vSphere Storage 183Why Is Storage So Important? 183VAAI 184Storage I/O Control 187Storage Distributed Resource Scheduler191Profile-Driven Storage 194Datastore Size 199vFlash Read Cache 200Virtual SAN 209Jumbo Frames for IP Storage 213Optimizing Virtual Machine Performance 215Raw Device Mapping vs. VMDK Files 215Virtual Disk Type 216Virtual SCSI Adapter 217Guest OS Disk Alignment 220Troubleshooting Storage Performance Issues 222Storage Latency 223Misconfi gured Storage for Your Applications 227Storage Queues 228End-to-End Networking 230Summary 231Index 233