Complete Works of Arthur Schopenhauer: Text, Summary, Motifs and Notes (Annotated) (PDF)

Arthur Schopenhauer was a German philosopher best known for his book The World as Will and Representation, and for his pessimistic views of human nature.
Synopsis
Arthur Schopenhauer was born in Danzig, Poland, on February 22, 1788. His most famous book, The World as Will and Representation, argued that human action is driven by the dissatisfied will and is ultimately directionless. He was a devotee of Plato and Immanuel Kant, and a rival of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. He died at his home in Frankfurt, Germany, on September 21, 1860.
Early Life
Arthur Schopenhauer was born in Danzig, Poland, on February 22, 1788. He was a descendant of two wealthy German families. Schopenhauer's parents relocated to Hamburg after Prussia annexed Danzig in 1793. Schopenhauer's father died in 1805, possibly as the result of a suicide. His mother, Johanna, was a writer and intellectual who started a literary salon in Weimar after her husband's death.
Schopenhauer enrolled at the University of Gottingen in 1809. There, he focused on philosophy, studying the ideas of Plato and Immanuel Kant. In 1819, Schopenhauer published The World as Will and Representation (Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung), which would establish his career as a philosopher. He subsequently accepted a position at the University of Berlin, where he initiated a rivalry with fellow lecturer Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel that ultimately drove him from academia.