Field Archaeology (PDF)
An Introduction
(Sprache: Englisch)
The dig is the face of archaeology most immediately recognised by the general public, and is often what attracts both students and amateurs to the discipline. Yet there is much more to working in the field than digging alone. Peter Drewett's comprehensive...
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The dig is the face of archaeology most immediately recognised by the general public, and is often what attracts both students and amateurs to the discipline. Yet there is much more to working in the field than digging alone. Peter Drewett's comprehensive survey explores every stage of the process, from the core work of discovery and excavation to the final product, the published archaeological report. The main topics covered are:
* how an archaeological site is formed
* finding and recording archaeological sites
* planning excavations, digging the site and recording the results
* post-fieldwork planning, processing and finds analysis
* interpreting the evidence
* publishing the report.
Illustrated with 100 photographs and line drawings, and using numerous case studies. Field Archaeology is the essential introductory guide for archaeology students, and is certain to be welcomed by the growing number of enthusiasts for the subject.
* how an archaeological site is formed
* finding and recording archaeological sites
* planning excavations, digging the site and recording the results
* post-fieldwork planning, processing and finds analysis
* interpreting the evidence
* publishing the report.
Illustrated with 100 photographs and line drawings, and using numerous case studies. Field Archaeology is the essential introductory guide for archaeology students, and is certain to be welcomed by the growing number of enthusiasts for the subject.
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Recording archaeological sites (p. 58-59)The recording of archaeological sites discovered in the field essentially has three elements: a written description of the site, a survey including plans and elevations, and a photographic record. Many of these techniques are of course the same, or similar to, those that we will meet again in Chapter Seven when recording excavated features. The record described in this chapter may be as far as the field archaeologist goes, or it may be a stage before excavation. It must not be presumed, however, that excavation is, or should be, the final element of any fieldwork. In fact the presumption should be that excavation is only a last resort if all non-destructive techniques of investigation fail to answer the questions posed. Excavation, being totally destructive, allows questions to be asked only once. If excavation recording is very precise, as it should be, then some questions can be asked of the record, but never again of the whole site.
Written description
The written description of a site in the field should be properly integrated with survey and photographic data. Even with the finest prose, a written description inevitably can mean slightly different things to different readers, particularly if translated into other languages. As long as conventions are adhered to, surveys and photographs usually do not present this problem.
How the description of a site is written will depend very much on how the record is to be used. If you are recording the site simply to record its existence on, for example, a Sites and Monuments Record, then the use of a pre-printed record form in the format of the Sites and Monuments Record is advisable. The basic fields of record have already been described in Chapter Three and consist of a unique reference number, administrative area, address, cartographic reference, type of site, date and condition of site. This should be sufficient for future
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workers to locate the site again. If, however, you are attempting to interpret the site and pass your interpretation on to others, then a more detailed written description of the site will be required. Such descriptions are usually tied into a topographical survey.
Interpretative surveys and their written description go right back to the beginnings of field archaeology. As early as the seventeenth century, field archaeologists like William Stukeley (16871765) accurately described field monuments. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, field archaeologists such as William Cunnington were not only describing monuments, but also the sequences represented by them: "A few feet further to the west from the large tumulus are two more barrows over which the great inner vallum [of Battlesbury Camp] passes" (Cunnington 1975). This clearly describes a sequence of the earthworks.
The finest current descriptions of surface archaeology in Britain are those produced by the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments surveyors. Tight interpretative descriptions support fine surveys. Modern descriptions are usually more precise than those of earlier antiquaries and include measurements: "A double-lynchetted track (d), up to 9 m in width, originates from beneath the east terminal of the southern entrance and runs intermittently in a north-east to south-west direction for some 250 m before being truncated by circular hollows" (Donachie and Field 1994). However clear a description may be, it will only really make sense if accompanied by a field survey and photographs.
Interpretative surveys and their written description go right back to the beginnings of field archaeology. As early as the seventeenth century, field archaeologists like William Stukeley (16871765) accurately described field monuments. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, field archaeologists such as William Cunnington were not only describing monuments, but also the sequences represented by them: "A few feet further to the west from the large tumulus are two more barrows over which the great inner vallum [of Battlesbury Camp] passes" (Cunnington 1975). This clearly describes a sequence of the earthworks.
The finest current descriptions of surface archaeology in Britain are those produced by the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments surveyors. Tight interpretative descriptions support fine surveys. Modern descriptions are usually more precise than those of earlier antiquaries and include measurements: "A double-lynchetted track (d), up to 9 m in width, originates from beneath the east terminal of the southern entrance and runs intermittently in a north-east to south-west direction for some 250 m before being truncated by circular hollows" (Donachie and Field 1994). However clear a description may be, it will only really make sense if accompanied by a field survey and photographs.
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Bibliographische Angaben
- Autor: Peter L. Drewett
- Englisch
- Verlag: Taylor & Francis Group Plc
- ISBN-10: 0203085779
- ISBN-13: 9780203085776
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