Nuclear Development Strategic and Policy Issues Raised by the Transition from Thermal to Fast Nuclear Systems (PDF)
(Sprache: Englisch)
The renewed interest in nuclear energy triggered by concerns about global climate change and security of supply could lead to substantial growth in nuclear electricity generation and expanded interest in fast neutron reactors with closed fuel cycles. Moving...
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The renewed interest in nuclear energy triggered by concerns about global climate change and security of supply could lead to substantial growth in nuclear electricity generation and expanded interest in fast neutron reactors with closed fuel cycles. Moving from the current fleet of thermal neutron reactors to fast neutron systems will require many decades and extensive RD&,D efforts. This book identifies and analyses key strategic and policy issues raised by such a transition, and provides guidance to decision makers on the best approaches for implementing transition scenarios.
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Chapter 6 FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS (p. 77)Nuclear power provides a significant share (around 15%) of the world electricity supply today and will remain an important energy source for decades, irrespective of individual country decisions to phase out nuclear programmes or to increase the role of nuclear energy in their national policiep. The fleet of nuclear units in operation at present is reliable and globally has very good safety and economic performance. Most plants built in the 1980s and 1990s are expected to have lifetimes exceeding 50 yearp. Simultaneously, new, advanced nuclear reactors and fuel cycles most of which are based on fast neutron reactors operated in closed fuel cycles are being developed with the objective of enhancing the safety, economics, sustainability, and proliferation resistance and physical protection of future nuclear systemp.
Against this backdrop, the implementation of transition scenarios from thermal to fast neutron systems is likely to be a major aspect of nuclear energy development in the coming decades, up to the end of the century and beyond with the aims to reduce constraints on the resources and to reduce impacts of the wastep. This transition will raise specific issues which need to be addressed timely in order to select the best scenario taking into account many factors, including national policy goals, industrial capabilities and technology preparednesp. Analysing the opportunities and challenges raised by the transition period is a prerequisite for policy makers to support a robust decision-making process in this regard.
Fast neutron systems can be operated in breeding or burning modep. Fast breeders could multiply by 50 or more the amount of energy extracted from natural uranium, thereby extending the lifetime of presently known uranium resources to many centuriep. Fast burners can eliminate progressively actinides, including plutonium if it is the goal of the strategy
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adopted. Consequently, they can reduce the period during which radioactive waste requires stewardship, and the number and size of high-level waste repositories needed to dispose of the waste.
While fast neutron systems are attractive at the global level for enhancing security of nuclear fuel supply and reducing the volumes and radiotoxicity of waste, their relevance and viability in a given country highly depends on each national and regional context. In particular, the size of the national nuclear fleet and its expected growth rate are key factors in assessing the interest of introducing fast neutron systemp. The radioactive waste management policy of the country also determines the relevance of fast neutron systems as an option for facilitating waste management and disposal.
For countries with a small fleet of reactors in operation and with modest expected growth of nuclear electricity generation, building the infrastructure to support the transition from thermal to fast neutron reactor systems is unlikely to be cost effective but could be considered nevertheless in a broad sustainable development perspective. In such countries, multilateral agreements and international cooperation may be required to ensure the viability of reprocessing and recycling spent nuclear fuel in fast neutron reactorp. Countries with a well defined policy for the direct disposal of spent fuel, including an ongoing programme expected to lead to the opening of a repository for this purpose in the coming years, might have little interest in embarking on the implementation of a transition from thermal to fast neutron systemp.
While fast neutron systems are attractive at the global level for enhancing security of nuclear fuel supply and reducing the volumes and radiotoxicity of waste, their relevance and viability in a given country highly depends on each national and regional context. In particular, the size of the national nuclear fleet and its expected growth rate are key factors in assessing the interest of introducing fast neutron systemp. The radioactive waste management policy of the country also determines the relevance of fast neutron systems as an option for facilitating waste management and disposal.
For countries with a small fleet of reactors in operation and with modest expected growth of nuclear electricity generation, building the infrastructure to support the transition from thermal to fast neutron reactor systems is unlikely to be cost effective but could be considered nevertheless in a broad sustainable development perspective. In such countries, multilateral agreements and international cooperation may be required to ensure the viability of reprocessing and recycling spent nuclear fuel in fast neutron reactorp. Countries with a well defined policy for the direct disposal of spent fuel, including an ongoing programme expected to lead to the opening of a repository for this purpose in the coming years, might have little interest in embarking on the implementation of a transition from thermal to fast neutron systemp.
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Bibliographische Angaben
- 2009, 87 Seiten, Englisch
- Herausgegeben: OECD (Ed.)
- Verlag: OECD Paris
- ISBN-10: 9264060650
- ISBN-13: 9789264060654
- Erscheinungsdatum: 01.01.2009
Abhängig von Bildschirmgröße und eingestellter Schriftgröße kann die Seitenzahl auf Ihrem Lesegerät variieren.
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