A Practical Guide to Linux Commands, Editors and Shell Programming

Advanced Editing 212 Language-Sensitive Editing 225 Customizing emacs 235 More Information 240 Chapter Summary 241 Exercises 248 Advanced Exercises 250 Part III: The Shells 253Chapter 8: The Bourne Again Shell 255 Background 256 Shell Basics 257 Parameters and Variables 277 Processes 292 History 295 Aliases 312 Functions 315 Controlling bash Features and Options 318 Processing the Command Line 322 Chapter Summary 332 Exercises 334 Advanced Exercises 336 Chapter 9: The TC Shell 339 Shell Scripts 340 Entering and Leaving the TC Shell 341 Features Common to the Bourne Again and TC Shells 343 Redirecting Standard Error 349 Working with the Command Line 350 Variables 355 Control Structures 368 Builtins 377 Chapter Summary 381 Exercises 382 Advanced Exercises 384 Part IV: Programming Tools 385Chapter 10: Programming Tools 387 Programming in C 388 Using Shared Libraries 396 make: Keeps a Set of Programs Current 399 Debugging C Programs 407 Threads 417 System Calls 417 Source Code Management 420 Chapter Summary 430 Exercises 431 Advanced Exercises 432 Chapter 11: Programming the Bourne Again Shell 435 Control Structures 436 File Descriptors 470 Parameters and Variables 474 Builtin Commands 487 Expressions 501 Shell Programs 510 Chapter Summary 520 Exercises 522 Advanced Exercises 524 Chapter 12: The gawk Pattern Processing Language 527 Syntax 528 Arguments 528 Options 529 Notes 529 Language Basics 530 Examples 537 Advanced gawk Programming 554 Error Messages 559 Chapter Summary 560 Exercises 561 Advanced Exercises 561 Chapter 13: The sed Editor 563 Syntax 564 Arguments 564 Options 564 Editor Basics 565 Examples 568 Chapter Summary 578 Exercises 579 Part V: Command Reference 581 Standard Multiplicative Suffixes 586 Common Options 587 The sample Utility 587 sample: Very brief description of what the utility does 588 aspell: Checks a file for spelling errors 589 at: Executes commands at a specified time 593 bzip2: Compresses or decompresses files 596 cal: Displays a calendar 598 cat: Joins and displays files 599 cd: Changes to another working directory 601 chgrp: Changes the group associated with a file 603 chmod: Changes the access mode (permissions) of a file 604 chown: Changes the owner of a file and/or the group the file is associated with 608 cmp: Compares two files 610 comm: Compares sorted files 612 configure: Configures source code automatically 614 cp: Copies files 616 cpio: Creates an archive or restores files from an archive 619 crontab: Maintains crontab files 624 cut: Selects characters or fields from input lines 627 date: Displays or sets the system time and date 630 dd: Converts and copies a file 633 df: Displays disk space usage 636 diff: Displays the differences between two files 638 du: Displays information on disk usage by file 644 echo: Displays a message 647 expr: Evaluates an expression 649 file: Displays the classification of a file 653 find: Finds files based on criteria 655 finger: Displays information about users 661 fmt: Formats text very simply 664 fsck: Checks and repairs a filesystem 666 ftp: Transfers files over a network 671 gcc: Compiles C and C++ programs 678 grep: Searches for a pattern in files 683 gzip: Compresses or decompresses files 688 head: Displays the beginning of a file 691 kill: Terminates a process by PID 693 killall: Terminates a process by name 695 less: Displays text files, one screen at a time 697 ln: Makes a link to a file 702 lpr: Sends files to printers 705 ls: Displays information about one or more files 708 make: Keeps a set of programs current 715 man: Displays documentation for commands 721 mkdir: Creates a directory 724 mkfs: Creates a filesystem on a device 725 Mtools: Uses DOS-style commands on files and directories 728 mv: Renames or moves a file 732 nice: Changes the priority of a command 734 nohup: Runs a command that keeps running after you log out 736 od: Dumps the contents of a file 737 paste: Joins corresponding lines from files 742 pr: Paginates files for printing 744 ps: Displays process status 746 rcp: Copies one or more files to or from a remote system 750 rlogin: Logs in on a remote system 752 rm: Removes a file (deletes a link) 753 rmdir: Removes a directory 755 rsh: Executes commands on a remote system 756 scp: Securely copies one or more files to or from a remote system 758 sleep: Creates a process that sleeps for a specified interval 760 sort: Sorts and/or merges files 762 split: Divides a file in into sections 771 ssh: Securely executes commands on a remote system 773 strings: Displays strings of printable characters 777 stty: Displays or sets terminal parameters 778 tail: Displays the last part (tail) of a file 783 tar: Stores or retrieves files to/from an archive file 786 tee: Copies standard input to standard output and one or more files 791 telnet: Connects to a remote system over a network 792 test: Evaluates an expression 794 top: Dynamically displays process status 798 touch: Changes a file's access and/or modification time 801 tr: Replaces specified characters 804 tty: Displays the terminal pathname 807 tune2fs: Changes parameters on an ext2 or ext3 filesystem 808 umask: Establishes the file-creation permissions mask 810 uniq: Displays unique lines 812 w: Displays information about system users 814 wc: Displays the number of lines, words, and bytes 816 which: Shows where in PATH a command is located 817 who: Displays information about logged-in users 819 xargs: Converts standard input into command lines 821 Part VI: Appendixes 825Appendix A: Regular Expressions 827 Characters 828 Delimiters 828 Simple Strings 828 Special Characters 828 Rules 831 Bracketing Expressions 832 The Replacement String 833 Extended Regular Expressions 834 Appendix Summary 835 Appendix B: Help 837 Solving a Problem 838 Finding Linux-Related Information 839 Specifying a Terminal 844 Appendix C: Keeping the System Up-to-Date 847 yum: Updates and Installs Packages 848 Apt: An Alternative to yum 850 BitTorrent 855 Glossary 859Index 913