Additives and Crystallization Processes

Preface

1 Complexes in Solutions

1.1 Structure of Common Solvents

1.2 Structure of Pure Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

1.3 Structure of Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions Containing Additives

1.4 Polyelectrolytes and Surfactants in Solutions

1.5 Polydentate Ligands and Molecular Additives

1.6 Crystal-Additive Interactions

References

2 Three-Dimensional Nucleation and Metastable Zone Width

2.1 Driving Force for Phase Transition

2.2 Three-Dimensional Nucleation of Crystals

2.3 Metastable Zone Width

2.4 Nucleation and Transformation of Metastable Phases

2.5 Induction Period for Crystallization

2.6 Effects of Additives

References

3 Kinetics and Mechanism of Crystal Growth: An Overview

3.1 Crystal Growth as a Kinetic Process

3.2 Types of Crystal-Medium Interfaces

3.3 Roughening of Steps and Surfaces

3.4 Growth Kinetics of Rough Faces

3.5 Growth Kinetics of Perfect Smooth Faces

3.6 Growth Kinetics of Imperfect Smooth Faces

3.7 Effect of Foreign Substances on Growth Kinetics

3.8 Real Crystal Growth Mechanisms

3.9 Techniques for Studying Growth Kinetics

References

4 Effect of Impurities on Crystal Growth Kinetics

4.1 Mobile and Immobile Impurities

4.2 Surface Coverage and Adsorption Isotherms

4.3 Kinetic Models of Impurity Adsorption

4.4 Confrontation of Impurity Adsorption Mechanisms with Experimental Data

4.5 Time-Dependent Impurity Adsorption

4.6 Growth Kinetics in the Presence of Impurities

4.7 Tapering of KDP-Type Crystals

4.8 Growth-Promoting Effects of Impurities

4.9 Impurity Adsorption on Rough Faces

4.10 Formation of Two-Dimensional Adsorption Layer

4.11 Interactions Between Additives and Crystal Interface

4.12 Tailor-Made Additives

References

5 Dead Supersaturation Zone and Threshold Supersaturations for Growth

5.1 Origin of Threshold Supersaturations for Growth

5.2 Determination of Threshold Supersaturations from v(Ã) and R(Ã) Data

5.3

Professor Keshra Sangwal is Senior Professor of Physics (since 1997) and Head of the Department of Applied Physics and Lublin University of Technology, Poland. He is author or co-author of over 160 publications in the field of elementary processes of growth and dissolution, real structure of crystals, structure and properties of electrolyte solutions, and mechanical properties of crystalline solids, including three books (see Author's Previous Works).

He has served as Guest Editor of several issues of Crystal Research and Technology and is a member of the advisory boards of 'Crystal Research and Technology' (Wiley-VCH),' Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials', and the 'Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Science'. He is a member of the Polish Physical Society, Polish Society of Crystal Growth and the Crystallography Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He is a co-founder of the Polish Society of Crystal Growth and served as its President from 1998 - 2001. He has worked as a visiting scientists in the Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona, a UNDP specialist in Anna University (India), and a visiting professor at the University of Barcelona, and Hiroshima University.