Adhesion of Solids

by donor-acceptor bonding at boundaries between amorphous solids, and its role in adhesion phenomena.- 2. Investigation of general relationships in behavior of electrostatic component in contact of a metal and a semiconductor with an arbitrary spectrum of surface states.- 3. Role of surface properties in double-layer formation and adhesion phenomena.- Calculation of electrostatic component of adhesive force at the contact of a metal and a semiconductor with surface states of two types.- Statement and solution of the problem.- 4. Determination of specific force of adhesion (sticking pressure) upon contact of a metal with a semiconductor film.- 5. Study of adhesive force with semiconductor interlayer between two metals, and correlation of results.- 6. Role of tunneling in breakdown of double layer.- Literature cited.- V. Electroadhesion Phenomena on Semiconductors.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The space-charge layer.- 3. Surface recombination velocity.- 4. Surface states of semiconductors.- 5. Methods of investigating semiconductor surfaces with formation of an adhesive contact.- Dc field-effect method.- Photoconductivity decay method and determination of minority carrier lifetime.- Combination field-effect method with large sinusoidal signals and steady-state photoconductivity.- Monitoring the operation of semiconductor devices.- Method for determining contact potential difference.- Method for determining electrophysical parameters of polymer/semiconductor surface and adhesion in vacuum.- Specimen preparation.- Etchinggermanium specimens.- Application of polymeric films to semiconductor surfaces.- 6. Investigation of changes in electrophysical properties of germanium surface when an adhesive bond is formed.- 7. Electrical phenomena in breaking adhesive bonds between semiconductors and polymers.- 8. Comparison with theory.- 9. Methods of protecting germanium surfaces by application of varnishes and treatment with organosilicon compounds.- Literature cited.- VI. Adhesion of Dielectrics.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Interfacial chemical interactions of polymers an and functional groups.- 3. Investigation of contact surface by IR spectroscopy.- 4. Relation between electroadhesion phenomena and the chemical structure of interfacial compounds.- 5. Methods of regulating adhesion properties.- 6. Chemistry of adhesion interactions.- Literature cited.- VII. Sticking of Polymers.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Factors in strength of adhesive bonding between polymers.- 3. Role of polymer chain diffusion in mechanism of sticking and self-sticking of polymers.- Literature cited.- VIII. Sticking and Adhesion of Convex Solid Bodies and Powders.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Thermodynamic theory of adhesion at "convex" contact.- Influence of forces of adhesion on contact deformation.- 3. Sticking and adhesion of particles in liquid media.- 4. Study of the sticking and adhesion of surfaces in liquid media.- Modeling the interaction of colloidal particles.- Crossed-fiber method.- Simulation of colloidal particle interaction on the basis of the crossed-fiber method.- 5. Influence of liquid medium on particle sticking.- Adhesion of spherical particles in a liquid.- Interaction of particles in the presence of capillary-condensed liquid.- Influence of liquid bridge.- Influence of relativevapor pressure on particle adhesion.- 6. Sticking and adhesion of particles in a dry atmosphere.- 7. Kinetic adhesion and tack..- Literature cited.- IX. Influence of Adhesion on Friction.- 1. Influence of electrical double layer on rolling friction.- Electrical component of rolling friction.- 2. Investigation of the velocity dependence of rolling friction as a method of studying adhesion.- 3. Influence of adhesion on external sliding friction.- Literature cited.- Conclusion.- A. Methods of adhesiometry.- Pendulum adhesiometer of Deryagin.- Bifilar adhesiometer of Deryagin.- Three-roll adhesiometer of Deryagin.- Rotating-plate method of Deryagin and Krotova.- Determination of adhesion of nonwetting liquid to solid surface under nonequilibrium conditions.- Methods of measuring adhesion in liquid media.- Roll adhesiometer.- Vacuum roll adhesiometers.- Adhesiometers with present detachment velocity.- Adhesiometer with periodic detachment.- Determination of adhesion with ultra-centrifuge.- A. The form of a strip during detachment.- C. The effect of contact deformation on particle adhesion.- Background.- Determination of the shape of the surface of a spherical elastic particle near the zone of particle contact with a flat rigid surface.- Macroscopic calculation of sticking force with allowance for contact deformation of ball.- Summary.- D. The effect of discrete structure of charges of the double layer on the electrostatic component of adhesion.- Literature cited.