Advances in Soil Science

Early Soil Physics into the Mid-20th Century.- I. Introduction.- II. Early Beginnings.- III. The Renaissance to the 18th Century.- IV. The 18th to Early 19th Century.- V. The Birth of Soil Physics.- VI. The Rise of Soil Physics, First Decade.- VII. The Rise of Soil Physics, Second Decade.- VIII. The Beginning of the Modern Era.- IX. Acceleration of the Sciences Following World War II.- X The 1950s and Beyond.- References.- Nitrous Oxide Emission from Soils.- I. Introduction.- II. Processes Contributing to N2O Production.- III. Mechanisms of N2O Production in Soils.- IV. Control of N2O Emission from Soils.- V. Summary.- References.- Characterization and Modeling of Chemical Transfer to Runoff.- I. Introduction.- II. The Rainfall-Runoff-Soil Interaction.- III. Factors Influencing the Interaction.- IV. The Desorption of Adsorbed Chemicals.- V. Modeling the Transfer to Runoff.- VI. Transport from Partial Land-Area Applications-Buffer Strips.- VII. Shallow Subsurface Flow of Chemicals.- VIII. Summary, Applications, and Suggested Further Work.- Acknowledgments.- References.- Agronomical and Ecological Impact of Irrigation on Soil and Water Salinity.- I. Introduction.- II. Salinity and Secondary Salinization in Agriculture in Ancient Times.- III. The Main Aspects of Secondary Salinization and Alkalization.- IV. The Development of Irrigation as a Worldwide Method for Increasing Yields and the Consequent Extension of Secondary Salinization and Alkalization.- V. Combating Secondary Salinization and Alkalization.- VI. Conclusions.- References.