Anticipating Correlations

Introduction vii Chapter 1: Correlation Economics 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 How Big Are Correlations? 3 1.3 The Economics of Correlations 6 1.4 An Economic Model of Correlations 9 1.5 Additional Influences on Correlations 13 Chapter 2: Correlations in Theory 15 2.1 Conditional Correlations 15 2.2 Copulas 17 2.3 Dependence Measures 21 2.4 On the Value of Accurate Correlations 25 Chapter 3: Models for Correlation 29 3.1 The Moving Average and the Exponential Smoother 30 3.2 Vector GARCH 32 3.3 Matrix Formulations and Results for Vector GARCH 33 3.4 Constant Conditional Correlation 37 3.5 Orthogonal GARCH 37 3.6 Dynamic Conditional Correlation 39 3.7 Alternative Approaches and Expanded Data Sets 41 Chapter 4: Dynamic Conditional Correlation 43 4.1 DE-GARCHING 43 4.2 Estimating the Quasi-Correlations 45 4.3 Rescaling in DCC 48 4.4 Estimation of the DCC Model 55 Chapter 5: DCC Performance 59 5.1 Monte Carlo Performance of DCC 59 5.2 Empirical Performance 61 Chapter 6: The MacGyver Method 74 Chapter 7: Generalized DCC Models 80 7.1 Theoretical Specification 80 7.2 Estimating Correlations for Global Stock and Bond Returns 83 Chapter 8: FACTOR DCC 88 8.1 Formulation of Factor Versions of DCC 88 8.2 Estimation of Factor Models 93 Chapter 9: Anticipating Correlations 103 9.1 Forecasting 103 9.2 Long-Run Forecasting 108 9.3 Hedging Performance In-Sample 111 9.4 Out-of-Sample Hedging 112 9.5 Forecasting Risk in the Summer of 2007 117 Chapter 10: Credit Risk and Correlations 122 Chapter 11: Econometric Analysis of the DCC Model 130 11.1 Variance Targeting 130 11.2 Correlation Targeting 131 11.3 Asymptotic Distribution of DCC 134 Chapter 12: Conclusions 137 References 141 Index 151

Robert Engle is the Michael Armellino Professor in the Management of Financial Services at New York University's Leonard N. Stern School of Business. His books include "Cointegration, Causality, and Forecasting". He was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in economics.

"No doubt much more literature will develop in this area. Professor Engle has done a service by laying out how his mind is moving and thinking at the current time."--Peter Tompkins, The Actuary