Axis of Unity: Venezuela, Iran & the Threat to America

The two most prominent trends in world affairs over the last decade, the projection of American power abroad and high energy prices, have made for some strange bedfellows. Flush with oil revenues, autocratic governments in Venezuela, Iran, and Russia have tried to counter U.S. influence not only in Latin America but around the world. In "Axis of Unity", Sean Goforth explores the motives and contributions of each nation to the partnership. Venezuela and Iran's self-declared 'axis of unity' in 2007 and its military pact a year later form the alliance's base. Caracas and Tehran support each other's attempt at regional domination through a series of illicit ties. Russia provides the alliance's superstructure, shielding Iran from Western ire and selling billions of dollars worth of sophisticated arms to Caracas and Tehran. The regional repercussions of this alliance, Goforth asserts, are far-reaching. Venezuela and Iran utilize insurgencies - the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), Hamas, Hezbollah, and the Quds Force - to attack regional competitors, chiefly Colombia and Israel. Russia, meanwhile, draws on persons linked to its intelligence service as a means of covertly subduing its opponents in parts of Europe. The key to dismantling the threat, Goforth demonstrates, is a flexible foreign policy. America should take a bold stand against Russia in Eastern Europe, where leaders seek strong U.S. backing, and adopt a long-term plan for reducing the influence of Venezuela and Iran in Latin America and the Middle East. "Axis of Unity" will be of interest to readers in international affairs, U.S. foreign policy, security studies, and the geopolitics of rising powers.