Basics of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Equilibria

PREFACE ixI QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS USING REACTIONS THAT GO TO ''COMPLETION'' 11 MAKING MEASUREMENTS 31.1 Introduction / 31.2 GLP and a Few Other Important Acronyms / 101.3 Precision and Random Error / 151.4 Discarding a Suspected Outlier / 251.5 Calibration / 281.6 Maintaining Accurate Results / 43Practice Exercises / 482 SAMPLE PREPARATION, EXTRACTIONS, AND CHROMATOGRAPHY 532.1 Sampling and Control Samples / 532.2 Sample Preparation / 582.3 Solvents and Solutions / 642.4 Introduction to Solubility / 692.5 Extraction / 712.6 Stationary Phases / 822.7 Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) / 882.8 Introduction to Chromatography / 912.9 Immunoassays / 96Practice Exercises / 973 CLASSICAL METHODS 1033.1 Introduction / 1033.2 Review of Chemical Reactions / 1053.3 Reactions in Aqueous Solution / 1113.4 Gravimetry / 1203.5 Titration / 1243.6 Titration Curves / 1323.7 Coulometry / 134Practice Exercises / 1374 MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 1414.1 Introduction / 1414.2 Properties of EM Radiation / 1424.3 Electromagnetic Spectrum / 1464.4 Spectroscopic Transitions / 1474.5 UV/Vis Absorption Spectroscopy / 1544.6 UV/Vis Instrumentation / 1564.7 Beer-Lambert Law / 1594.8 Molecular Fluorescence / 167Practice Exercises / 171II REACTIONS THAT DO NOT GO TO ''COMPLETION.'' EQUILIBRIA IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS 1775 ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIA AND ACTIVITY 1795.1 Acids and Bases / 1795.2 Weak Acids and Weak Bases / 1865.3 Water and Kw / 1905.4 Acid Strength / 1965.5 The Concept of Activity / 1995.6 Acid-Base Equilibrium Calculations / 212Practice Exercises / 2186 BUFFER SOLUTIONS AND POLYPROTIC ACIDS 2216.1 Buffer Solutions / 2216.2 Alpha Fraction Plots / 2266.3 Weak Acid Titration Curve / 2306.4 Polyprotic Acids / 233Practice Exercises / 2427 COMPLEXATION AND PRECIPITATION EQUILIBRIA 2457.1 Complex Terminology / 2467.2 Complex Equilibria / 2497.3 Competing Equilibria / 2567.4 Stepwise Complexation / 2637.5 Precipitate Equilibrium / 2677.6 Molar Solubility / 2757.7 Precipitation and Competing Equilibria /

BRIAN M. TISSUE, PhD, is Associate Professor of Chemistry at Virginia Tech, where he teaches analytical chemistry at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. In addition to curriculum development, Dr. Tissue oversees a research program in nanomaterials and analytical spectroscopy, preparing and testing nanocomposites for catalytic activity. Among his honors, Dr. Tissue has received an NSF Career Award and a Cottrell Scholar Award from the Research Corporation for Science Advancement.