CMOS Single Chip Fast Frequency Hopping Synthesizers for Wireless Multi-Gigahertz Applications: Design Methodology, Analysis, and Implementation

Preface. Nomenclature. 1. INTRODUCTION. 1.1. Introduction. 1.2. Research contribution. 2. WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS. 2.1. introduction. 2.2. The wireless lan standards. 2.3. Wireless lan transceiver systems. 3. PHASE-LOCKED LOOP FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZERS. 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Phase-locked loop frequency synthesizer. 3.3. Phase-locked loop parameters. 3.4. Noise in phase-locked loops. 3.5. Fractional-N synthesizers. 3.6. RMS phase error and Error Vector Magnitude (EVM). 3.7. Conclusion. 4. SYSTEM SIMULATION OF delta-sigma-BASED FRACTIONAL-N FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZERS. 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Phase domain model. 4.3. Synthesizer platform evaluation. 4.4. Conclusion. 5. MULTI-MODE D-S BASED FRACTIONAL-N FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER. 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. An overview. 5.3. A Multi-Mode Multi-Standard Delta-Sigma Based PLL Synthesizer Design. 5.4. The Delta-Sigma Frequency Synthesizer Sub-Blocks Implementation. 5.5. Measured Performance of the implemented Synthesizer. 5.6. Summary and conclusion. 6. IMPROVED PERFORMANCE FRACTIONAL-N FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER. 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Overview. 6.3. Delta-Sigma controlled adaptive charge pump. 6.4. Synthesizer loop calibration. 6.5. Process Calibration I/C Slew rate & RC time constant. 6.6. VCO Tuning gain calibration. 6.7. Imroved vco band switching. 6.8. Experimental Results. 6.9. Comparison with published results. 6.10. Conclusion. 7. CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER WORK. 7.1. Conclusion. 7.2. Further work. APPENDIX A. PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTORS & CHARGE PUMPS. 1. Phase-frequency detectors. 2. Charge pump. 3. PFD/CP characteristics. B. CONTROLLED OSCILLATORS. 1. Reference oscillators. 2. Voltage controlled oscillators. C. PHASE NOISE. 1. Calculation of global phase error from L(f). 2. Phase noise and phase modulation. 3. RMS phase error from phase noise. 4. Residual FM. D. FREQUENCY DIVIDERS. 1. Reference divider. 2. Feedback divider. 3. High speed CMOS divider design. 4. Implemented CML gates. E. CODES & PROGRAMS. INDEX