Comparative Aspects of Extracellular Acid-Base Balance
(Sprache: Englisch)
Interest in comparative acid-base physiology has considerably grown during last decades even in the absence of major technical or conceptual advances. This is firstly because it has become clear that the extracellular acid-base state reflects the...
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Klappentext zu „Comparative Aspects of Extracellular Acid-Base Balance “
Interest in comparative acid-base physiology has considerably grown during last decades even in the absence of major technical or conceptual advances. This is firstly because it has become clear that the extracellular acid-base state reflects the performance of many exchange functions at the organism level: respiration and ventilation of the gas exchange surfaces, metab olism, iono-and osmoregulation. Such functions are much in fluenced by ambient conditions, and the measurement of acid base parameters thus provides useful information about the organism's responses to environmental challenges. Secondly, many processes at the molecular level are now known to be pH sensitive, and acid-base regulation thus appears to be a major requirement for the functional integrity of cells and organisms. How extracellular acid-base balance can be maintained in a wide variety of animals living in different conditions is the sub ject of this book. The approach is comparative and environ mental throughout. All body fluids share similar buffer proper ties, and common physicochemical principles apply to any acid base system. However, in accord with differing designs and con straints along animal evolution, varying effector organs and mechanisms are at work to maintain an appropriate acid-base state in the organism. Particular emphasis is placed on the fun damental differences between water and air breathers and on the acid-base and respiratory problems arising at the transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial life. Also the complex array of factors influencing the acid-base state in water-dwelling animals is thoroughly discussed.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Comparative Aspects of Extracellular Acid-Base Balance “
1. General Properties of Water and Body Fluids as Acid-Base Systems.- 1.1 Definition of an Acid-Base System.- 1.2 Components of Physiological Acid-Base Systems.- 1.3 Physicochemical Constraints in Acid-Base Systems.- 1.4 Dependent and Independent Variables in Physiological Acid-Base Systems.- 1.5 Titration Behavior of Acid-Base Systems.- 2. Methodological Approaches and Problems.- 2.1 Data Acquisition: The Description of the Acid-Base State.- 2.2 Interpretation of the Data: "Normal" State, Disturbances, Compensations.- 2.3 Specific Methods to be Used in Aquatic Animals.- 2.4 Some Other Specific Problems and Limitations.- 3. Extracellular Acid-Base Status and the Nature of the Respiratory Medium.- 3.1 Extracellular pH, PCO2, and [HCO?3] in Water Breathers and Air Breathers.- 3.2 Extracellular Acid-Base Balance in Bimodal Breathers.- 3.3 Extracellular Acid-Base Balance During the Transition from Water to Air Breathing.- 4. Acid-Base Balance and Respiratory Gases in the Ambient Medium.- 4.1 Natural Variations of O2 and CO2 in Ambient Media.- 4.2 Extracellular Acid-Base Balance and the Oxygenation of the Ambient Medium.- 4.3 Extracellular Acid-Base Balance as a Function of Ambient PCO2.- 4.4 Extracellular Acid-Base Balance During Combined Changes of Ambient PO2 and PCO2.- 5. Extracellular Acid-Base Balance in Aquatic Animals as a Function of the Ionic Composition and the Acid-Base Balance of the Ambient Water.- 5.1 Extracellular Acid-Base State and the Salinity of the Ambient Water.- 5.2 Extracellular Acid-Base Balance and the Concentration of Certain Ions in Freshwater.- 5.3 Extracellular Acid-Base Balance and the Acid-Base State of Ambient Water.- 5.4 Extracellular Acid-Base Disturbances in Acid Waters.- 5.5 An Overview of Ambient Factors Affecting ExtracellularAcid-Base Balance in Aquatic Animals.- 6. Extracellular Acid-Base Balance and Body Temperature.- 6.1 Temperature and the Acid-Base State of Buffer Systems in Vitro.- 6.2 Normal Extracellular pH at Variable Body
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Temperature in Poikilotherms.- 6.3 In Vivo Variations of the Carbonic System with Body Temperature.- 6.4 Significance of the Extracellular pH-Body Temperature Relationship: a Critical Evaluation.- 7. Comparative Physiology and Evolution of Acid-Base Regulatory Mechanisms.- 7.1 Buffering of ECF Acid and Base Loads.- 7.2 Mechanisms and Organ Systems Involved in Excretion of Acid or Base Loads.- 7.3 Comparative Physiology of Acid-Base Regulation: An Evolutionary Overview.- 8. Extracellular Acid-Base Balance in Some Specific Physiological Situations.- 8.1 Muscular Activity.- 8.2 Panting.- 8.3 Diving.- 8.4 Hibernation.- 8.5 Miscellaneous.- References.- Notes Added in Proof.- References Added in Proof.- Subject and Species Index.
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Bibliographische Angaben
- Autor: Jean-Paul Truchot
- 2012, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1987, XIV, 248 Seiten, 51 Abbildungen, Maße: 17,1 x 24,4 cm, Kartoniert (TB), Englisch
- Verlag: Springer, Berlin
- ISBN-10: 364283132X
- ISBN-13: 9783642831324
Sprache:
Englisch
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