Cultural Anthropology

Each chapter includes "Summary," and Profiles and most chapters include "America Now."1. Introduction. The Five Fields of Anthropology. What Is Distinctive about Cultural Anthropology? Why Study Anthropology?2. The Nature of Culture. Definitions of Culture. Society, Subculture, and Sociocultural System. Science and the Relativity of Truth. Fieldwork and the Mental and Behavioral Aspects of Culture. The Universal Pattern. The Diversity of Anthropological Theories. Cultural Materialism.3. The Evolution of the Capacity for Culture. Genes and Natural Selection. Nonhuman Culture. The Evolution of the Hominids. Apes and Language. Aggressive versus Cooperative Behavior among Apes.4. Language and Culture. Universal Features of Language. Structural Linguistics: Elements of Language Analysis. Biological and Cultural Aspects of Language. Language Issues and Theories. Sociolinguistics.5. Production. Evolution of Energy Production. The Influence of the Environment and Ecology. Carrying Capacity and the Law of Diminishing Returns. Hunting and Gathering. Agriculture. Pastoralism. Energy and the Evolution of Culture. Industrial Food Energy Systems.6. Reproduction. The Relation between Production and Reproduction. Population Pressure versus Population Growth. Preindustrial Reproductive Practices. The Costs and Benefits of Rearing Children. The Contraception, Abortion, and Infanticide Debate. Industrial Modes of Reproduction. Women's Status, Education, and Fertility.7. Economic Organization. Definition of Economy. Exchange. Redistributive Exchange. Reciprocity versus Redistribution. The Infrastructural Basis of Redistribution and Reciprocity. Stratified Redistribution. Price Market Exchange: Buying and Selling. Patterns of Work.8. Domestic Life. The Household and the Domestic Sphere of Culture. Family Groups and the Mode of Production and Reproduction. What Is Marriage? Economic Aspects of Marriage. Preferential Marriages. Domestic Groups and the Avoidance of Incest.9. Descent,