Applied Superconductivity

rotator dynamic issue4.1.5 Practical bearing consideration4.1.6 Applications4.2 Fundamentals of Superconducting Electromagnets (Martin N. Wilson)4.2.1 Windings to produce different field shapes4.2.2 Current supply4.2.3 Load lines, degradation and training4.2.4 Cryogenic stabilization4.2.5 Mechanical disturbances and minimum quench energy4.2.6 Screening currents and the critical state model4.2.7 Magnetization and flux jumping4.2.8 Filamentary wires and cables4.2.9 AC losses4.2.10 Quenching and protection4.3 Magnets for Particle Accelerators and Storage Rings (Lucio Rossi, Luca Bottura)4.3.1 Introduction4.3.2 Accelerator, colliders and role of superconducting magnets4.3.3 Magnetic design4.3.4 Mechanical design4.3.5 Margins, stability, training and protection4.3.6 Field quality4.3.7 Fast-cycled synchrotrons4.4 Superconducting Detector Magnets for particle physics (Michael Green)4.4.1 The development of detector solenoids4.4.2 LHC detector magnets for the ATLAS, CMC and ALICE experiments4.4.3 The future of detector magnets for particle physics4.4.4 The defining parameters for thin solenoids4.4.5 Thin detector solenoids design criteria4.4.6 Magnet power supply and coil quench protection4.4.7 Design criteria for the ends of a detector solenoid4.4.8 Cryogenic cooling of a detector magnet4.5 Magnets for NMR and MRI (Yukikazu Iwasa, Seungyong Hahn)4.5.1 Introduction to NMR and MRI Magnets4.5.2 Specific Design Issues for NMR & MRI Magnets4.5.3 Status (2013) of NMR and MRI Magnets4.5.4 HTS Applications to NMR and MRI Magnets4.5.5 Conclusions4.6 Superconducting Magnets for Fusion (Jean-Luc Duchateau)4.6.1 Introduction to fusion and superconductivity4.6.2 ITER4.6.3 Cable in Conduit conductors (CICC)4.6.4 Quench protection in fusion magnets4.6.5 Prospective about future fusion reactors Demo4.6.6. Conclusion4.7 Magnets for Separation, Crystal Growth and Inductive Melting (Swarn Kalsi)4.7.1 Introduction4.7.2 High field Magnets4.7.3 Low Field Magnets4.7.4 Outlook4.8 Levitation: Maglev and Transport (John R. Hull)4.8.1 Introduction4.8.2 Magnetic Levitation: Principles and Methods4.8. 3. Maglev Ground Transport4.8.4 Clean Room Application4.8.5 Air and Space Launch5. Power Applications5.1 Superconducting Cables (Werner Prusseit, Robert Bach, Joachim Bock)5.1.1 Power cable technology5.1.2 Current rather than voltage ? advantages of superconducting state5.1.3 HTS-cable designs5.1.4 Economic benefits of HTS distribution grids5.1.5 Specific applications of HTS cables5.1.6 Conclusions5.2 Practical design of HTS current leads (Jonathan A. Demko)5.2.1 Introduction5.2.2 Cryogenic cooper properties5.2.3 Thermally optimized current lead in a vacuum5.2.4 Non-optimal operation5.2.5 Vapor or forced flow cooled current leads5.2.6 Refrigeration requirements5.2.7 Short duration overcurrent heating5.2.8 Conclusions5.3 Fault Current Limiters (Swarn Kalsi)5.3.1 Introduction5.3.2 S-FCL concept description5.3.3 Challenges5.3.4 Manufacturing issues5.3.5 Examples of built hardware5.3.6 Overlook5.4 Transformers (Antonio Morandi)5.4.1 Introduction5.4.2 Basic aspects5.4.3 Construction issues and state-of-the-art of superconducting transformers5.4.4 Design and economic evaluation of a HTS power transformer5.4.4.1 Design procedure5.5 Energy Storage (SMES and flywheels) (Antonio Morandi)5.5.1 Introduction5.5.2 Parameters of an energy storage system5.5.3 Applications of energy storage5.5.4 SMES5.5.5 Flywheels5.6 Rotating Machines (Motors and Generators) (Swarn Kalsi)5.6.1 Introduction5.6.2 Topology5.6.3 Design and analysis5.6.4 Outlook5.7 Superconductivity in Smart Grids (Nouredine Hadjsaid, Pascal Tixador, Jean-Claude Sabonadiere, C. Gandioli, M.-C. Alvarez-Herault)5.7.1 Introduction5.7.2 The new energy paradigm5.7.3 Integration of advanced technologies5.7.4 The European energy prospective5.7.5 Main triggers of the development of the smart grids5.7.6 Definition of the smart grids5.7.7 Objectives addressed by the transmission Smart Grids5.7.8 Objectives addressed by the distribution smart grids5.7.9 Examples of development of innovative concepts5.7.10 Scientific, technological, economical and sociological challenges5.7.11 Opportunities for superconductivity5.7.12 Conclusion6. Superconductive Passive Devices6.1 Microwave Components (Filter, Antennas, Delay Lines) (Neeraj Khare)6.1.1 Introduction6.1.2 Resonators6.1.3 Filters6.1.4 Cryogenic receiver front-end 6.1.5 Antenna6.1.6 Delay lines6.2 Cavities for Accelerators (Sergey Belomestnykh, Hasan S. Padamsee)6.2.1 Introduction to radio frequency superconductivity for accelerators6.2.2 Physics of RF superconductivity6.2.3 Fabrication and surface preparation6.2.4 Effects limiting performance of superconducting cavities6.2.5 Concluding remarks6.3 Superconducting pick-up coils (Audrius Brazdeikis, Jarek Wosik)6.3.1 Introduction6.3.2 HTS pickup coils for high-field MRI applications6.3.3 Superconducting pickup coils for SQUID measurements6.3.4 SQUID pickup for ultra low-field NMR/MRI6.4 Magnetic Shields (James Claycomb)6.4.1 Introduction6.4.2 low-field magnetic measurements6.4.3 Image surface gradiometers6.4.4 Superconducting disk6.4.5 Semi-infinite superconducting tube6.4.6 Semi-infinite highly permeable tube6.4.7 Partitioned superconducting tubes6.4.8 Numerical modeling of superconductors in external fields6.4.9 AC shielding applications6.4.10 Space applications6.4.11 Commercial HTS magnetic shields6.4.12 Conclusions7. Applications in Quantum Metrology7.1 Quantum Standards for Voltage (Johannes Kohlmann)7.1.1 Introduction7.1.2 Fundamentals7.1.3 DC measurements: conventional Josephson voltage standards7.1.4 From DC to AC Josephson voltage standards 7.1.5 Conclusions7.2 Single Cooper pair circuits and Quantum Metrology (Alexander B. Zorin)7.2.1 Introduction7.2.2 Engineering of the electromagnetic environment7.2.3 The Bloch oscillations and their phase locking7.2.4 New concepts of the experiment with superconducting nanowires7.2.5 Cooper pair pumps and single quasiparticle circuits7.2.6 Metrological aspect7.2.7 Conclusion8. Superconducting Radiation and Particle Detectors8.1 Radiation and Particle Detectors (Claus Grupen)8.1.1 Introduction8.1.2 Basic interactions8.1.3 Historical detectors8.1.4 Gaseous detectors8.1.5 Scintillators and solid-state devices8.1.5.1 Solid-state detectors8.1.6 Cherenkov detectors8.1.7 Calorimeters8.1.8 Cryogenic detectors8.2 Superconducting Hot Electron Bolometers and Transition Edge Sensors (Giovanni Piero Pepe, Roberto Cristiano, Flavio Gatti)8.2.1 Introduction8.2.2 The energy scenario and time scales8.2.3 The Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB)8.2.4 The Transition Edge Sensor (TES)8.2.5 The main physical parameters8.2.6 Recent achievements8.3 Mixers (Doris Maier)8.3.1 Introduction8.3.2 Superconducting tunnel junctions8.3.3 Quantum mixer theory8.3.4 SIS mixers8.3.5 Perspectives8.4 Superconducting Photon Detectors (Michael Siegel)8.4.1 Superconducting single-photon detectors8.4.2 Photon and particle detectors with superconducting tunnel junctions (STJ)8.4.3 Conclusions8.5 Applications at Different Frequencies (THz) (Masayoshi Tonouchi)8.5.1 Introduction8.5.2 Application of THz waves8.5.3 Superconductive electronics for THz application8.5.4 Summary8.6 Detector Readout (Thomas Ortlepp)8.6.1 Introduction8.6.2 Analog readout8.6.3 Resonant circuit readout8.6.4 Digital event readout9. Superconducting Quantum Interference (SQUIDs)9.1 Introduction (Robert Fagaly)9.2 Types of SQUIDs (Robert Fagaly)9.2.1 RF and DC SQUIDs9.2.2 Other modulation schemes9.2.3 Sensitivity9.2.4 Other types of SQUIDs9.2.5 Limitations on SQUID technology9.2.6 Environmental noise9.2.7 Cryogenic requirements9.3 Magnetic field sensing with SQUID devices9.3.1 SQUIDs in laboratory applications (Robert Fagaly)9.3.2 SQUIDs in NDE (Hans-Joachim Krause, Michael Mück, Saburo Tanaka)9.3.3 SQUIDs in Biomagnetism (Hannes Nowak)9.3.4 SQUIDs in Geophysics (Ronny Stolz)9.3.5 SQUID Microscopes (John Kirtley)9.4 SQUID Thermometer (Thomas Schurig, Jörn Beyer)9.4.1 Some basic metrology aspects9.4.2 The resistive SQUID noise thermometer9.4.3 Quantum Roulette thermometer9.4.4 Current sensing thermometer9.4.5 Magnetic field fluctuation thermometer9.5 SQUID Amplifier (Michael Mück, Robert McDermott)9.5.1 Introduction9.5.2 Amplifying voltages and currents with a SQUID9.5.3 The SQUID at very high frequencies9.5.4 Practical SQUID RF amplifiers9.5.5 Coupling radio-frequency power to the SQUID9.5.6 Noise temperature of SQUID amplifiers9.5.7 Input and output impedance of a SQUID RF amplifier9.5.8 Nonlinearities and intermodulation in SQUID RF amplifiers9.5.9 Applications of SQUID amplifiers9.5.10 Conclusion9.6 Cryogenic Current Comparator (Wolfgang Vodel, René Geithner, Paul Seidel)9.6.1 Principle of the CCC9.6.2 Applications in metrology9.6.3 CCC for beam diagnostics9.6.4 Use of HTS materials for CCC9.6.5 Integrated CCCs9.6.6 Summary and Outlook10. Superconductor Digital Electronics10.1 Logic Circuits (John X. Przybysz, Donald L. Miller)10.1.1 Introduction10.1.2 Latching logic10.1.3 RSFQ logic10.1.4 Low energy logic10.1.5 Alternative low power logic gates10.1.6 Output interface circuits10.1.7 Summary of logic gates10.2 Superconducting Mixed-Signal Circuits (Hannes Toepfer)10.2.1 Introduction10.2.2 Sampler10.2.3 Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs)10.2.4 Conclusion10.3 Digital Processing (Oleg Mukhanov)10.3.1 Introduction10.3.2 Digital circuits: SFQ design guiding principles10.3.3 Main digital circuit blocks10.3.4 Arithmetic modules10.3.5 Digital processors10.4 Quantum Computing (Jürgen Lisenfeld)10.4.1 Introduction10.4.2 Quantum computing10.4.3 Decoherence10.4.4 Phase qubits10.4.5 Flux qubits10.4.6 Charge qubits10.4.7 Transmon qubits10.5 Advanced superconducting circuits and devices (Martin Weides, Hannes Rotzinger)10.5.1 Introduction10.5.2 Field effect devices10.5.3 Quantum information circuits10.5.4 Metamaterials at microwave frequencies10.5.5 Quantum phase slips10.6 Digital SQUIDs (Pascal Febvre)10.6.1 Introduction10.6.2 History of digital SQUIDs10.6.3 Recent developments of digital SQUIDs10.6.4 An application if digital SQUIDs for studying natural hazards10.6.5 Prospects11. Other Applications11.1 Josephson Arrays as Radiation Sources (incl. Josephson Laser) (Huabing Wang)11.1.1 Arrays which are coherent through classical coupling11.1.2 Arrays which are coherent coupling to an external cavity11.1.3 Intrinsic Josephson junctions11.1.4 Summary11.2 Tunable Microwave Devices (Neeraj Khare)11.2.1 Introduction11.2.2 Mechanical/electromechanical Tuning11.2.3 Electrical Tuning11.2.4 Magnetic Tuning11.2.5 Optical Tuning12. Summary and Outlook (Herbert Freyhardt)