Explosions
Course, Prevention, Protection
(Sprache: Englisch)
The hazards of explosions to human beings and to material values can hardly be overrated. These hazards are aggravated since powders and gas mixtures with a tendency to explode in general do not signal their inherent danger. But there is one powder whose...
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The hazards of explosions to human beings and to material values can hardly be overrated. These hazards are aggravated since powders and gas mixtures with a tendency to explode in general do not signal their inherent danger. But there is one powder whose name already indicates the hazard it represents. This substance is gunpowder. Whoever handles it is conscious of the danger to which he is exposed. He also knows that it is he, himself, who can trigger the explosion, he also can keep the hazard under control. In this respect, gunpowder has become one of the more harmless substances. Names and information indicating danger will create hazard con sciousness in man which is a necessary condition for the institution of measures to protect himself and his material values. Gunpowder is only one of innumerable powders or dusts with an inherent dust explosion hazard. Technical development leads to an ever growing number of solids in the form of dust. Important proper ties of solids can only be put to use if they are present in the form of dusts. Only in the form of dust can flour be used for food, concrete for structures. No medicinal tablets could be made without pharma ceutical products in powder form. These are only a few examples of powders being of vital importance to men. Their number could be increased at will.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Explosions “
I The Course of Explosions.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Explosions in Closed Vessels.- 2.1 Flammable Gases.- 2.1.1 Explosion Limits.- 2.1.2 Explosion Pressure - Violence of Explosion.- Flammable Gas (Vapour)/Air Mixtures.- Flammable Gas/Oxygen Mixtures.- Chlorine/Hydrogen Mixtures.- 2.2 Combustible Dusts.- 2.2.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 2.2.2 Explosion Limits.- 2.2.3 Explosion Pressure - Violence of Explosion.- 2.2.4 Lowest Minimum Ignition Energy.- 2.3 Hybrid Mixtures.- 2.3.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 2.3.2 Explosion Limits.- 2.3.3 Explosion Pressure - Explosion Violence.- 2.3.4 Lowest Minimum Ignition Energy.- 2.4 Conclusions.- 3 Explosions - Detonations in Pipelines.- 3.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 3.2 Flammable Gases.- 3.3 Combustible Dusts.- 3.4 Conclusions.- 4 References.- II Protective Measures to Prevent Explosions or to Control Their Effects.- 1 Preliminary Remarks.- 2 Measures to Prevent Explosions.- 2.1 Inerting.- 2.1.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 2.1.2 Flammable Gases.- 2.1.3 Combustible Dusts.- 2.1.4 Conclusions.- 3 Safety Measures Against the Effects of Explosions Within Enclosures or Rooms.- 3.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 3.2 Explosion Resistant Construction.- 3.2.1 Pressure Vessels.- 3.2.2 Pressure Shock Resistant Vessels.- 3.2.3 Conclusions.- 3.3 Explosion Relief Venting.- 3.3.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 3.3.2 Description of Relief Venting.- Relief Venting of Vessels.- Relief Venting of Rooms.- 3.3.3 Design and Properties of Relief Venting Devices.- Preliminary Remarks.- Bursting Discs.- Bursting Discs Made of Brittle, Non-Deformable Material.- Bursting Discs Made of Deformable Material.- Auxiliary Activation Bursting Discs.- Explosion Plates.- Self Closing Relief Devices.- Exposion Doors.- Spring Loaded Relief Devices.- Conclusions.- 3.3.4 Sizing of Relief Areas.- Preliminary Remarks.- Flammable Gases.- Combustible Dusts.- Safe Discharge of Pressure Wave, Flames and Gases.- Elongated Vessels (Silos).- 3.3.5 Limits of Applicability.- 3.4 Explosion Suppression.- 3.4.1 Preliminary
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Remarks.- 3.4.2 Description of Method.- 3.4.3 Selection of the Sensor System.- 3.4.4 Description of the Extinguishing Systems.- 3.4.5 Selection of the Best Extinguishing Medium.- 3.4.6 Limits of Applicability.- 3.4.7 Extinguishing Agent Requirement.- 3.4.8 Special Application Problems.- The Influence of Initial Pressure.- Suppression of Explosions of Organic Peroxides.- 3.5 Conclusions.- 4 Safety Measures Against the Effects of Explosions in Pipelines.- 4.1 Flame Barriers.- 4.1.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 4.1.2 Mechanical Flame Barriers.- Preliminary Remarks.- Explosion Barriers.- Long Time Flame Barriers.- Detonation Barriers.- 4.1.3 Automatic Extinguishing Barrier.- 4.2 Explosion Relief Venting.- 4.2.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 4.2.2 Relief Venting Device for the End of a Pipeline.- Bursting Discs, Activated Discs.- Explosion Doors.- Spring Loaded Valves.- 4.3 Rapid Action Valves.- 4.4 Conclusions.- 5 Summary.- 6 References.- III Practical Applications of Protective Measures on Technical Equipment.- 1 Preliminary Remarks.- 2 Protective Measures for Equipment.- 2.1 Grinders.- 2.1.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 2.1.2 Parameters Influencing the Pressure vs. Time Course of Explosions.- 2.1.3 Conclusions.- 2.2 Bag Slitting Machines.- 2.2.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 2.2.2 The Application of Combined Protective Measures.- 2.3 Fluid Bed Driers and Granulators.- 2.3.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 2.3.2 The Application of Secondary Protective Measures.- Basic Requirements of the Apparatus.- Square Shape.- Round Shape.- Conclusions.- Explosion Relief Venting.- Relief on Product Side of Filter.- Relief on Clean Side of Filter.- Explosion Suppression.- Additional Requirements.- 2.4 Dust Separation Filters.- 2.4.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 2.4.2 Pocket Filters.- Application of Explosion Relief Venting.- Conclusions.- 2.4.3 Hose Filters.- Application of Explosion Relief Venting.- The Location of the Ignition Source Within the Filter Housing.- Explosion Propagation from a Pipeline.- Application of Explosion Suppression.- 2.4.4 Conclusions.- 3 Safeguards on Combined Equipment.- 3.1 Preliminary Remarks.- 3.2 Grinding Installations.- 3.2.1 Protection by Inerting.- 3.2.2 Protection by Relief Venting.- 3.2.3 Protection by Explosion Suppression.- 3.3 Spray Drying Installations.- 3.3.1 Protection by Inerting.- 3.3.2 Protection by Explosion Relief Venting.- 3.3.3 Protection by Explosion Suppression.- 3.4 Conclusions.- 4 Closing Remarks.- 5 References.
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Bibliographische Angaben
- Autor: W. Bartknecht
- 1990, 251 Seiten, mit farbigen Abbildungen, 89 Schwarz-Weiß-Abbildungen, Gebunden, Englisch
- Übersetzung: Burg, H; Almond, T.
- Übersetzer: H Burg, T. Almond
- Verlag: Springer
- ISBN-10: 3540102167
- ISBN-13: 9783540102168
- Erscheinungsdatum: 01.01.1990
Sprache:
Englisch
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