Extracellular Composite Matrices in Arthropods

mineralization5.3       Degree of mineralization5.4       Degree of crystallization5.5       The combination of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate5.6       Involvement of proteins and genes5.7       Potential biomimetic applications inspired by the crustacean exoskeleton5.8       Concluding remarks6         Tyrosine Metabolism in Insect Cuticle Pigmentation and              Sclerotization -  M. Y. Noh, T. Asano, J. J. Kramer and Y. Arakane6.1          Introduction6.2          Functions of Key Enzymes/Proteins Involved in Cuticle Pigmentation and Sclerotization6.3         Interactions and Functions of Pigments in Insects6.4        Hormonal Regulation of Cuticle Pigmentation 6.5        Future Prospects and Concluding Remarks7          Cuticular Hydrocarbons: Biochemistry and Chemical Ecology - M. D.  Ginzel and G. J. Blomquist 7.1         Introduction7.2          Chemical Composition of Insect Hydrocarbons7.3           Hydrocarbon Biosynthesis7.4           Ecological and Behavioral Aspects7.5            Future DirectionsPart B     Peritrophic Membranes and Eggshell Matrices - 8          Peritrophic Matrices - H. Merzendorfer, M. Kekenberg and S. Muthukrishnan8.1         Introduction8.2         Structural Components on the Peritrophic Matrix8.3         Peritrophic Matrix Formation and assembly8.4         Peritrophic Matrix Properties and Structure-Function Relationship of Peritrophic                 Matrix Components8.5          Function of the Peritrophic Matrix8.6          Mechanisms Developed by Pathogens and Parasites to Cross the Peritrophic                Membrane Barrier8.7         Comparative Genomics: Peritrophic Matrix Proteins in Different Insect Orders8.8         Peritrophic Matrix as a Target for Pest Control8.9        RNAi-Based Strategies8.10      Concluding Remarks and Perspectives9        Composite Eggshell Matrices: Chorionic Layers and Sub-            Chorionic Cuticular Envelopes - G. L. Rezende, H. C. M. Vargas, B. Moussian and E. Cohen9.1          Introduction9.2          Maternal Eggshell Layers9.3         Cuticular Egg Envelopes of Arthropods9.4          Concluding RemarksPart C Skeletal Components as Targets for Interference10      Targeting Cuticular Components for Pest Management - D. Doucet and A. Retnakaran10.1        Introduction10.2        Structure of the Integument10.3        The Epicuticle10.4     The Endocuticle10.5    Interfering with Chitin Formation and Degradation10.6      The Exocuticle10.7      The Eclosion Cascade10.8      Identifying Other Possible Targets During Cuticle Genesis10.9      ConclusionsPart D     Glandular Secretions -       11      Nature and Functions of Glands and Ducts in the Drosophila Reproductive Tract    F. W. Avila, J. A. Sánchez-López, J. L. McGlaughon, S. Raman, M. F. Wolfner and Y. Heifetz11.1       Introduction11.2       Setting the Context 11.3       Reproductive Tract Development and Overview11.4       The Male Reproductive Tract 11.5       Fates of Male Secretions in Mated Females 11.6       The Female Reproductive Tract 11.7        Taking Control - Female Secretions Shape Later Reproductive Functionality11.8        Concluding Remarks12        Molecular and Structural Properties of Spider Silk - T. Crawford, C. Williams, R. Hekman, S. Dyrness, A. Arata and C. Vierra12.1        Introduction12.2        Diversity of Spider Silk12.3         Natural Silk Extrusion Pathway12.4         Expression Systems for Recombinant Silk Production12.5        Biomimicry of the Spinning Process, Applications and Products12.6         Summary and Future Challenges13           Spider Silks: Factors Affecting Mechanical Properties and Biomimetic Applications - S. Zhang and I-M Tso13.1          Introduction13.2          Biology of Spider Silk13.3          Factors Affecting Silk Mechanical Properties13.4         Current and Potential Applications13.5         Summary and Future Expectations14           Insect Silks and Cocoons: Structural and Molecular Aspects -  K. Yukuhiro, H. Sezuku, T. Tsubota, Y. Takasu, T. Kameda and N. Yonemura14.1        Introduction14.2       Silk gland morphology14.3       Cocoons produced by lepidopteran larvae14.4       Fibroins in lepidopteran silks14.5       Sericins as glue proteins14.6       Differences in shape and function of silk glands among insects14.7        Different features in silks of non-lepidopteran insects14.8        Gene modification in silk glands using transgenic technology for industrial use14.9        Conclusions15   Glands of Drosophila melanogaster, A Model System  -  R. Farkas15.1  Introduction15.2  Larval Exocytotic Activity of Drosophila Salivary Glands    15.3  Apocrine Secretion by Drosophila SGs     Vertebrates    15.4  Conclusions   16  Salivary Gland Secretions of Phytophagous Arthropods - M. P. Celorio-Mancera and  J. M. Labavitch16.1 Introduction16. 2 Salivary Glands and their Components16.3 Salivary Components and the Interaction between Plants and Arthropods During Herbivory16.4. Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives17 Glandular Matrices and Secretions: Blood-Feeding Arthropods - B. Mans17. 1        Introduction - Evolution of Blood-Feeding in Arthropods17.2         The Vector-Host Interphase17.3         The Host Dermis and Defense Response17.4         Arthropod Modelling of the Host Matrix17.5         Arthropod Modulation of Host Defenses17.6       Sialoverse17.7       Future Perspectives