Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products
(Sprache: Englisch)
Saponins of Ginseng and Related Plants.- I. Introduction.- II. Structure and Chemistry of Dammarane Sapogenins.- 1. Panaxadiol, an Artifact.- 2. Acid Catalyzed Reactions of Dammarane Type Triterpenes and the Genuine Sapogenin of Ginseng.- III. Structures of...
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Klappentext zu „Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products “
Saponins of Ginseng and Related Plants.- I. Introduction.- II. Structure and Chemistry of Dammarane Sapogenins.- 1. Panaxadiol, an Artifact.- 2. Acid Catalyzed Reactions of Dammarane Type Triterpenes and the Genuine Sapogenin of Ginseng.- III. Structures of Ginseng Saponins (1).- 1. Structure of the Prosapogenin Common of Ginsenosides-Rb1, -Rb2, -Rb3, -Rc and-Rd.- 2. Ginsenosides-Rb1, -Rb2, -Rb3, -Rc and -Rd, Saponins of 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol.- 3. Panaxatriol and Ginsenosides-Rf, -Rg1, -Rg2 and 20-Gluco-ginsenoside-Rf (glc-Rf), Saponins of 20(S)-Protopanaxatriol.- IV. Modern Techniques Used in Structure Determination.- 1. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Glycosides.- 2. 13C-NMR Spectroscopy of Dammarane Type Triterpenes.- 3. Glycosylation Shifts in 13C-NMR Spectra.- 4. Mass Spectrometry.- V. Structures of Ginseng Saponins (2).- 1. Minor Saponins of Ginseng, Ginsenosides-Ra1, -Ra2, -Ra3, and ¿Rh1.- 2. Saponins of Red Ginseng.- VI. Analysis of Ginseng Saponins.- 1. Quantitative Analysis of Panaxadiol and Panaxatriol.- 2. Separative Analysis of Ginsenosides.- 3. Localization of Saponins in Ginseng Roots.- 4. Seasonal Variation of Ginseng Root Constituents.- VII. Production of Saponins by Tissue Culture.- VIII. Saponins of Other Panax spp..- 1. Saponins of American Ginseng and Dwarf Ginseng.- 2. Saponins of Chinese Sanchi-Ginseng.- 3. Saponins of P. japonicus Rhizomes (Japanese Chikusetsu-Ninjin and Chinese Zhujie-Shen).- 4. Saponins of Rhizomes of P. japonicus var. major (Chinese Zu-Tzi-Shen).- 5. Saponins of P. zingiberensis Rhizomes.- 6. Saponins of Rhizomes of Himalayan Panax, P. pseudo-ginseng subsp. himalaicus.- IX. Saponins of Aerial Parts of Panax spp..- 1. Saponins of P. ginseng Leaves and Flower Buds.- 2. Saponins of Leaves of Himalayan and American Panax spp..- 3. Saponins of Aerial Parts of Chinese Panax spp..- 4. Saponins of Leaves of P. japonicus (Japanese Chikusetsu-Ninjin).- X. Syntheses of Dammarane Sapogenins.- XI. Other Constituents of Ginseng Roots.- 1.
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Ether-Soluble Compounds.- 2. Carbohydrates.- 3. Nitrogen-Containing Compounds.- XII. Pharmaceutical Studies of Ginseng Saponins.- XIII. Biological Activities of Ginseng.- References.- Diterpenoids of Rabdosia Species.- I. Introduction.- II. Isolation and Structure Determination.- 1. Structure Determination of Enmein in Outline.- 2. Listing of Rabdosia Diterpenoids and Their Sources.- 3. Properties and Reactions Important for Structure Determination.- a) Spectral Aspects and Important Reactions for Ring D Structure Determination.- b) Structure Determination of ent-Kaurane-type Diterpenoids.- c) Structure Determination of ent-6,7-Secokaurane-type Diterpenoids.- d) Structure Determination of ent-8,9-Secokaurane-type Diterpenoids.- e) Structure Determination of ent-7,20-Bonded Kaurane-type Diterpenoids.- f) Structure Determination of an ent-Gibberellane-type Diterpenoid.- III. Chemical Conversions.- 1. Conversion of Rabdosia Diterpenoids to ent-Kaurane and ent-Kaurene.- 2. Conversion of Enmein to ent-Abietane.- 3. Conversion of Enmein and Trichokaurin to Aconite Alkaloids.- 4. Conversion of Enmein into Gibberellins.- 5. Interconversions among Rabdosia Diterpenoids.- a) Biogenetic-type Conversion (Kaurene type ? 6,7-Secokaurene-type).- b) Retrobiogenetic-type Conversions.- 6. Other Topics.- a) Stereochemistry of Ring D in Enmein Derivatives.- b) Hypoiodite Reaction of Enmein Derivatives.- c) Isolation of Dihydroenmein and Its Conversion to Enmein.- IV. Total Synthesis of Enmein.- V. Biosynthesis.- VI. Physiological Activity.- 1. Antibacterial Activity.- 2. Antitumor Activity.- 3. Insect Growth Inhibitory Activity.- 4. Bitterness.- References.- The Quinazoline Alkaloids.- I. Introduction.- II. Simple Substituted Quinazolin-4-ones.- 1. General Characteristics.- 2. Arborine.- 3. Glycorine.- 4. Glycosmicine.- 5. Glycosminine.- 6. Glycophymoline.- 7. Pegamine.- 8. Quinazolines of Zanthoxylum arborescens.- 9. Febrifugine and Isofebrifugine.- III. The Pyrroloquinazolines.- 1. Vasicine (Peganine), Vasicinone, 7-Hydroxypeganine, Vasicinolone, Vasicol, Nordine and Deoxyvasicinone.- 2. Anisotine, Anisessine, Aniflorine, Deoxyaniflorine and Sessiflorine.- 3. Vasicoline, Vasicolinone and Adhatodine.- 4. Peganidine, Isopeganidine, Deoxypeganidine, Dipegine and Peganol.- IV. The Pyridoquinazolines.- V. The Indolopyridoquinazolines.- 1. Rutaecarpine and Related Alkaloids.- 2. Evodiamine and Dehydroevodiamine.- 3. Hortiamine and Hortiacine.- 4. Euxylophorine A¿D; Euxylophoricine A¿F.- 5. Paraensine.- VI. Quinazolines Produced by Microorganisms.- 1. Tryptanthrin.- 2. Quinazolines of Pseudomonas Species.- 3. Quinazolines of Aspergillus Species.- 4. Quinazolines of Streptomyces.- 5. Chrysogine.- VII. Quinazolines Found in Animals.- 1. Glomerin and Homoglomerin.- 2. Tetrodotoxin.- VIII. Biosynthesis.- 1. Pyrroloquinazolines.- 2. Arborine and Glomerin.- 3. Indolopyridoquinazolines.- 4. Fungal Metabolites.- IX. Biological Activity of Natural and Synthetic Quinazolines.- Acknowledgement.- References.- Author Index.
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Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Fortschritte der Chemie organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products “
- Saponins of Ginseng and Related PlantsI. Introduction
II. Structure and Chemistry of Dammarane Sapogenins
1. Panaxadiol, an Artifact
2. Acid Catalyzed Reactions of Dammarane Type Triterpenes and the Genuine Sapogenin of Ginseng
III. Structures of Ginseng Saponins (1)
1. Structure of the Prosapogenin Common of Ginsenosides-Rb1, -Rb2, -Rb3, -Rc and-Rd
2. Ginsenosides-Rb1, -Rb2, -Rb3, -Rc and -Rd, Saponins of 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol
3. Panaxatriol and Ginsenosides-Rf, -Rg1, -Rg2 and 20-Gluco-ginsenoside-Rf (glc-Rf), Saponins of 20(S)-Protopanaxatriol
IV. Modern Techniques Used in Structure Determination
1. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Glycosides
2. 13C-NMR Spectroscopy of Dammarane Type Triterpenes
3. Glycosylation Shifts in 13C-NMR Spectra
4. Mass Spectrometry
V. Structures of Ginseng Saponins (2)
1. Minor Saponins of Ginseng, Ginsenosides-Ra1, -Ra2, -Ra3, and -Rh1
2. Saponins of Red Ginseng
VI. Analysis of Ginseng Saponins
1. Quantitative Analysis of Panaxadiol and Panaxatriol
2. Separative Analysis of Ginsenosides
3. Localization of Saponins in Ginseng Roots
4. Seasonal Variation of Ginseng Root Constituents
VII. Production of Saponins by Tissue Culture
VIII. Saponins of Other Panax spp
1. Saponins of American Ginseng and Dwarf Ginseng
2. Saponins of Chinese Sanchi-Ginseng
3. Saponins of P. japonicus Rhizomes (Japanese Chikusetsu-Ninjin and Chinese Zhujie-Shen)
4. Saponins of Rhizomes of P. japonicus var. major (Chinese Zu-Tzi-Shen)
5. Saponins of P. zingiberensis Rhizomes
6. Saponins of Rhizomes of Himalayan Panax, P. pseudo-ginseng subsp. himalaicus
IX. Saponins of Aerial Parts of Panax spp
1. Saponins of P. ginseng Leaves and Flower Buds
2. Saponins of Leaves of Himalayan and American Panax spp
3. Saponins of Aerial Parts of Chinese Panax spp
4. Saponins of Leaves of P. japonicus (Japanese Chikusetsu-Ninjin)
X. Syntheses of Dammarane Sapogenins
XI. Other Constituents of Ginseng Roots
1. Ether-Soluble Compounds
2.
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Carbohydrates
3. Nitrogen-Containing Compounds
XII. Pharmaceutical Studies of Ginseng Saponins
XIII. Biological Activities of Ginseng
- References
- Diterpenoids of Rabdosia Species
I. Introduction
II. Isolation and Structure Determination
1. Structure Determination of Enmein in Outline
2. Listing of Rabdosia Diterpenoids and Their Sources
3. Properties and Reactions Important for Structure Determination
a) Spectral Aspects and Important Reactions for Ring D Structure Determination
b) Structure Determination of ent-Kaurane-type Diterpenoids
c) Structure Determination of ent-6,7-Secokaurane-type Diterpenoids
d) Structure Determination of ent-8,9-Secokaurane-type Diterpenoids
e) Structure Determination of ent-7,20-Bonded Kaurane-type Diterpenoids
f) Structure Determination of an ent-Gibberellane-type Diterpenoid
III. Chemical Conversions
1. Conversion of Rabdosia Diterpenoids to ent-Kaurane and ent-Kaurene
2. Conversion of Enmein to ent-Abietane
3. Conversion of Enmein and Trichokaurin to Aconite Alkaloids
4. Conversion of Enmein into Gibberellins
5. Interconversions among Rabdosia Diterpenoids
a) Biogenetic-type Conversion (Kaurene type ? 6,7-Secokaurene-type)
b) Retrobiogenetic-type Conversions
6. Other Topics
a) Stereochemistry of Ring D in Enmein Derivatives
b) Hypoiodite Reaction of Enmein Derivatives
c) Isolation of Dihydroenmein and Its Conversion to Enmein
IV. Total Synthesis of Enmein
V. Biosynthesis
VI. Physiological Activity
1. Antibacterial Activity
2. Antitumor Activity
3. Insect Growth Inhibitory Activity
4. Bitterness
- References
- The Quinazoline Alkaloids
I. Introduction
II. Simple Substituted Quinazolin-4-ones
1. General Characteristics
2. Arborine
3. Glycorine
4. Glycosmicine
5. Glycosminine
6. Glycophymoline
7. Pegamine
8. Quinazolines of Zanthoxylum arborescens
9. Febrifugine and Isofebrifugine
III. The Pyrroloquinazolines
1. Vasicine (Peganine), Vasicinone, 7-Hydroxypeganine, Vasicinolone, Vasicol, Nordine and Deoxyvasicinone
2. Anisotine, Anisessine, Aniflorine, Deoxyaniflorine and Sessiflorine
3. Vasicoline, Vasicolinone and Adhatodine
4. Peganidine, Isopeganidine, Deoxypeganidine, Dipegine and Peganol
IV. The Pyridoquinazolines
V. The Indolopyridoquinazolines
1. Rutaecarpine and Related Alkaloids
2. Evodiamine and Dehydroevodiamine
3. Hortiamine and Hortiacine
4. Euxylophorine A-D; Euxylophoricine A-F
5. Paraensine
VI. Quinazolines Produced by Microorganisms
1. Tryptanthrin
2. Quinazolines of Pseudomonas Species
3. Quinazolines of Aspergillus Species
4. Quinazolines of Streptomyces
5. Chrysogine
VII. Quinazolines Found in Animals
1. Glomerin and Homoglomerin
2. Tetrodotoxin
VIII. Biosynthesis
1. Pyrroloquinazolines
2. Arborine and Glomerin
3. Indolopyridoquinazolines
4. Fungal Metabolites
IX. Biological Activity of Natural and Synthetic Quinazolines
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Author Index
3. Nitrogen-Containing Compounds
XII. Pharmaceutical Studies of Ginseng Saponins
XIII. Biological Activities of Ginseng
- References
- Diterpenoids of Rabdosia Species
I. Introduction
II. Isolation and Structure Determination
1. Structure Determination of Enmein in Outline
2. Listing of Rabdosia Diterpenoids and Their Sources
3. Properties and Reactions Important for Structure Determination
a) Spectral Aspects and Important Reactions for Ring D Structure Determination
b) Structure Determination of ent-Kaurane-type Diterpenoids
c) Structure Determination of ent-6,7-Secokaurane-type Diterpenoids
d) Structure Determination of ent-8,9-Secokaurane-type Diterpenoids
e) Structure Determination of ent-7,20-Bonded Kaurane-type Diterpenoids
f) Structure Determination of an ent-Gibberellane-type Diterpenoid
III. Chemical Conversions
1. Conversion of Rabdosia Diterpenoids to ent-Kaurane and ent-Kaurene
2. Conversion of Enmein to ent-Abietane
3. Conversion of Enmein and Trichokaurin to Aconite Alkaloids
4. Conversion of Enmein into Gibberellins
5. Interconversions among Rabdosia Diterpenoids
a) Biogenetic-type Conversion (Kaurene type ? 6,7-Secokaurene-type)
b) Retrobiogenetic-type Conversions
6. Other Topics
a) Stereochemistry of Ring D in Enmein Derivatives
b) Hypoiodite Reaction of Enmein Derivatives
c) Isolation of Dihydroenmein and Its Conversion to Enmein
IV. Total Synthesis of Enmein
V. Biosynthesis
VI. Physiological Activity
1. Antibacterial Activity
2. Antitumor Activity
3. Insect Growth Inhibitory Activity
4. Bitterness
- References
- The Quinazoline Alkaloids
I. Introduction
II. Simple Substituted Quinazolin-4-ones
1. General Characteristics
2. Arborine
3. Glycorine
4. Glycosmicine
5. Glycosminine
6. Glycophymoline
7. Pegamine
8. Quinazolines of Zanthoxylum arborescens
9. Febrifugine and Isofebrifugine
III. The Pyrroloquinazolines
1. Vasicine (Peganine), Vasicinone, 7-Hydroxypeganine, Vasicinolone, Vasicol, Nordine and Deoxyvasicinone
2. Anisotine, Anisessine, Aniflorine, Deoxyaniflorine and Sessiflorine
3. Vasicoline, Vasicolinone and Adhatodine
4. Peganidine, Isopeganidine, Deoxypeganidine, Dipegine and Peganol
IV. The Pyridoquinazolines
V. The Indolopyridoquinazolines
1. Rutaecarpine and Related Alkaloids
2. Evodiamine and Dehydroevodiamine
3. Hortiamine and Hortiacine
4. Euxylophorine A-D; Euxylophoricine A-F
5. Paraensine
VI. Quinazolines Produced by Microorganisms
1. Tryptanthrin
2. Quinazolines of Pseudomonas Species
3. Quinazolines of Aspergillus Species
4. Quinazolines of Streptomyces
5. Chrysogine
VII. Quinazolines Found in Animals
1. Glomerin and Homoglomerin
2. Tetrodotoxin
VIII. Biosynthesis
1. Pyrroloquinazolines
2. Arborine and Glomerin
3. Indolopyridoquinazolines
4. Fungal Metabolites
IX. Biological Activity of Natural and Synthetic Quinazolines
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Author Index
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Bibliographische Angaben
- Autoren: E. Fujita , S. Johne , R. Kasai , M. Node , O. Tanaka
- 2012, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1984, 256 Seiten, 7 Abbildungen, Maße: 15,2 x 22,9 cm, Kartoniert (TB), Englisch
- Herausgegeben: W. Herz, H. Grisebach, G. W. Kirby, Ch. Tamm
- Verlag: Springer, Berlin
- ISBN-10: 3709187613
- ISBN-13: 9783709187616
- Erscheinungsdatum: 12.02.2012
Sprache:
Englisch
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