Handbook of Behavior Therapy in Education

Norms
- Aggregating Treatment Effects
- Using Norms
- Standardized Treatments
- Levels of Normative Aggregation
- Interpretation of Norms
- Caveats
- Concluding Thoughts
- References
8 An Evaluation of Behavioral Interrelationships in Child Behavior Therapy
- General Concepts
- Models of Response Interrelationships
- Reciprocal Relationships
- Other Causes of Collateral Effects
- Collateral Effects Reported in Recent Studies
- Summary
- References
9 Dissemination of Behavioral Procedures in the Schools: Issues in Training
- Issues in Dissemination
- Teacher Training/Education
- Further Considerations
- Summary and Conclusion
- References
10 Behavioral Consultation: Macroconsultation for Instructional Management
- Macroconsultation in Head Start
- Distinctive Features of Macroconsultation
- Macroconsultation in the Instructional Management Cycle
- Conclusion
- References

III Problems and Challenges for Behavior Therapy
11 Generalization and Maintenance of Treatment Effects
- Definitions
- Review Methodology
- Results
- Analysis and Discussion
- Conclusions
- References
12 On the Ecological Validity of Behavior Modification
- The Ecological Perspective in Applied Behavior Analysis: Causal Trends
- Assumptions of the Ecological Perspective in the Use of Behavioral Interventions
- Ecological Behavior Assessment
- The Ecological Validity of Behavioral Intervention
- Concluding Comments
- References
13 Helping, Helplessness, and Harm
- Help-Seeking and Social Support
- Social Support and Help-Giving
- An Integrated Model of Help-Seeking and Help-Giving
- The Negative Consequences of Help-Seeking and Help-Giving
- Enablement, Empowerment, and Euphoria
- Implications for Policy and Practice
- References
14 Legal Issues in School-Based Behavior Therapy
- Three Basic Dichotomies
- Consent to Treatment
- Confidentiality
- The Rights to Treatment and Education
- References

IV Behavior Change Strategies
15 Thought and Action in Educational Interventions: Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
- The Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective
- Areas of Application
- References
16 Home-Based Reinforcement Procedures
- Home-Based Reinforcement
- Parent-Teacher Communication Procedures
- Subjects and Target Behaviors
- Parent-Teacher Training
- Consequences
- Treatment Maintenance and Follow-Up
- Treatment Efficacy
- Clinical Applications
- Summary and Discussion
- References
17 Reductive Procedures
- Specific Intervention Procedures
- Reduction of Behavior through Reinforcement
- Reduction of Behavior through Contingent Use of Aversive Procedures
- Group Contingencies
- Acceptability of Treatments to Reduce Behavior
- A Final Comment on Treatment Maintenance
- Conclusion
- References
18 The Token Economy
- Overview
- History
- Classroom Token Economy: An Example
- Practical Considerations
- Considerations if Student Behaviors Fail to Improve
- Variations and Adaptations of Token Economies
- Conclusions
- References
19 Self-Monitoring
- Definition of Self-Monitoring
- The Relationship of Self-Monitoring to Self-Control
- The Role of Self-Monitoring in Assessment and Treatment
- Self-Recording Procedures
- Training in Self-Monitoring
- The Relationship of Self-Monitoring to Other Assessment Procedures
- Methodological Issues
- Summary
- References
20 Social Skills: Conceptual and Applied Aspects of Assessment, Training, and Social Validation
- Personal Competence
- Behavioral Classification of Social Skill Deficiencies
- Assessment of Social Skills
- Assessment for Intervention/Program Planning
- Conceptualization of Social Skills Training
- Review of the SST Literature
- Social Validation and Social Skills
- Future Research Directions
- References
21 Biofeedback
- Basic Research
- Clinical Applications
- Educational Applications of Biofeedback
- Conclusions
- References

V The Practice of Behavior Therapy with Specific Problems and Populations
22 Early Intervention: Infants, Preschool Children, and Families
- Behavioral Strategies in Infant Stimulation Programs
- Strategies in Classrooms for Preschool-Age Children
- Parent and Family Interventions
- Conclusions and Future Directions
- References
23 Learning-Disabled Children
- Learning Characteristics of the Learning-Disabled Child
- Cognitive and Behavior Therapy in Classroom Settings
- Summary and Conclusions
- References
24 Mild and Moderate Mental Retardation
- Assessment
- Treatment
- References
25 Conduct and Attention Deficit Disorders
- Behavior Problems of Conduct and Attention Deficit Disorder Children
- Appropriate Target Behaviors for Intervention
- Teacher-Mediated Interventions
- Peer-Mediated Interventions
- Parent/Home-Mediated Interventions
- Self-Mediated Interventions
- Environmental and Task Variables
- Stimulant Medication
- Summary
- References
26 Fears and Phobias
- Normative and Prevalence Data
- Definitions
- Diagnosis and Classification
- Diagnosis in the Educational Environment
- Assessment of Fears and Phobias
- Methods of Fear Reduction
- Summary and Conclusions
- References
27 Behavioral Habilitation of Students with Severe Handicaps
- General Guidelines for Treatment Programs
- Implementing Treatment Programs
- Summary
- References
28 Childhood Depression
- Background and Alternative Views of Childhood Depression
- Diagnosis of Depression
- An Overview of Etiological Models
- Assessment
- Treatment
- Conclusions
- References
29 Medical and Health-Related Disorders
- Orthopedic Impairments
- Other Health Impairments
- Conclusions
- References

VI The Future of Behavior Therapy in Education
30 Behavioral Reform of Education: A Venture at Risk
- Assumptions regarding the Conditions Necessary to Effect Permanent Behavioral Change in Education
- An Infrastructure to Promote and Support Behavioral Reform of Educational Practices
- Epilogue
- References
31 The Future of Behavioral Analysis in Educational Settings