Human Behavior and Traffic Safety

Cochairman's Remarks: Scope and Purpose of the Symposium.- Session 1: Traffic Safety Trends - Contrasts and Explanations.- Recent U.S. Traffic Fatality Trends.- Discussion.- Road Safety Measures in Japan.- Discussion.- Modeling Driver Behavior: A Pessimistic Prediction?.- Discussion.- Adolescents' Traffic Casualties: Causes and Interventions.- Discussion.- Session 2: Observational Studies of Traffic-Related Human Behavior.- Mandatory Belt Use and Driver Risk Taking: An Empirical Evaluation of the Risk-Compensation Hypothesis.- Discussion.- Risk Homeostasis in an Experimental Context.- Prepared Discussion: Frank P. McKenna.- Discussion.- The Role of Perceptual and Cognitive Filters in Observed Behavior.- Discussion.- Interactions between Drivers and Pedestrians: Some New Approaches to Pedestrian Safety.- Prepared Discussion: Hugo H. van der Molen.- Discussion.- Cochairman's Remark.- Session 3: Driver Behavior Inferred from Field Accident Data.- Smeed's Law, Seat Belts and the Emperor's New Clothes.- Prepared Discussion: Peter N. Joubert.- Prepared Reply: John Adams.- Seat Belt Use Under Voluntary and Mandatory Conditions and its Effect on Casualties.- Oral Discussion of Papers by John Adams and Murray Mackay.- An Exploratory Study of Vehicle Type in Alcohol-Related Crashes.- Discussion.- Driver Behavior Revealed in Relations Involving Car Mass.- Discussion.- Session 4: What Can Be Done? Motivational Approaches to Modifying Driver Behavior.- Incentives for Improving Driving Behavior Ex Ante/ Ex Post Considerations.- Discussion.- The Effects of Enforcement and Public Information on Compliance.- Discussion.- Between Molecule (Alcohol) and Mayhem (Road Crashes): The Case for Humane Intervention and the Role of the Social and Behavioral Sciences.- Discussion.- A Critical View of Driver Behavior Models: What Do We Know, What Should We Do?.- Discussion.- Post Symposium Reflections.- Post Symposium Reflections.- Author Biographies.- List of Participants.- Author Index.