Java

Multibranch if-else Statements 157 Programming Example: Assigning Letter Grades 159 Case Study: Body Mass Index 162 The Conditional Operator (Optional) 165 The exit Method 165 3.2 The Type boolean 166 Boolean Variables 167 Precedence Rules 168 Input and Output of Boolean Values 171 3.3 The switch Statement 173 Enumerations 179 3.4 Graphics Supplement 180 Specifying a Drawing Color 181 A Dialog Box for a Yes-or-No Question 184 Chapter 4 Flow of Control: Loops 195 4.1 Java Loop Statements 196 The while Statement 197 The do-while Statement 200 Programming Example: Bug Infestation 205 Programming Example: Nested Loops 211 The for Statement 213 Declaring Variables within a for Statement 219 Using a Comma in a for Statement (Optional) 220 The for-each Statement 222 4.2 Programming with Loops 222 The Loop Body 223 Initializing Statements 224 Controlling the Number of Loop Iterations 225 Case Study: Using a Boolean Variable to End a Loop 227 Programming Example: Spending Spree 229 The break Statement and continue Statement in Loops (Optional) 232 Loop Bugs 235 Tracing Variables 237 Assertion Checks 239 4.3 Graphics Supplement 241 Programming Example: A Multiface Applet 241 The drawstring Method 247 Chapter 5 Defining Classes and Methods 261 5.1 Class and Method Definitions 263 Class Files and Separate Compilation 265 Programming Example: Implementing a Dog Class 265 Instance Variables 266 Methods 269 Defining void Methods 272 Defining Methods That Return a Value 273 Programming Example: First Try at Implementing a Species Class 278 The Keyword this 282 Local Variables 284 Blocks 286 Parameters of a Primitive Type 287 5.2 Information Hiding and Encapsulation 293 Information Hiding 294 Precondition and Postcondition Comments 294 The public and private Modifiers 296 Programming Example: A Demonstration of Why Instance Variables Should Be Private 299 Programming Example: Another Implementation of a Class of Rectangles 300 Accessor Methods and Mutator Methods 302 Programming Example: A Purchase Class 306 Methods Calling Methods 310 Encapsulation 316 Automatic Documentation with javadoc 319 UML Class Diagrams 320 5.3 Objects and References 321 Variables of a Class Type 322 Defining an equals Method for a Class 327 Programming Example: A Species Class 331 Boolean-Valued Methods 334 Case Study: Unit Testing 336 Parameters of a Class Type 338 Programming Example: Class-Type Parameters Versus Primitive-Type Parameters 342 5.4 Graphics Supplement 346 The Graphics Class 346 Programming Example: Multiple Faces, but with a Helping Method 348 The init Method 352 Adding Labels to an Applet 352 Chapter 6 More About Objects and Methods 373 6.1 Constructors 375 Defining Constructors 375 Calling Methods from Constructors 384 Calling a Constructor from Other Constructors (Optional) 387 6.2 Static Variables and Static Methods 389 Static Variables 389 Static Methods 390 Dividing the Task of a main Method into Subtasks 397 Adding a main Method to a Class 398 The Math Class 400 Wrapper Classes 403 6.3 Writing Methods 409 Case Study: Formatting Output 409 Decomposition 415 Addressing Compiler Concerns 416 Testing Methods 418 6.4 Overloading 420 Overloading Basics 420 Overloading and Automatic Type Conversion 423 Overloading and the Return Type 426 Programming Example: A Class for Money 428 6.5 Information Hiding Revisited 435 Privacy Leaks 435 6.6 Enumeration as a Class 439 6.7 Packages 441 Packages and Importing 441 Package Names and Directories 443 Name Clashes 446 6.8 Graphics Supplement 447 Adding Buttons 447 Event-Driven Programming 449 Programming Buttons 449 Programming Example: A Complete Applet with Buttons 453 Adding Icons 456 Changing Visibility 458 Programming Example: An Example of Changing Visibility 458 Chapter 7 Arrays 479 7.1 Array Basics 481 Creating and Accessing Arrays 482 Array Details 485 The Instance Variable length 488 More About Array Indices 491 Initializing Arrays 494 7.2 Arrays in Classes and Methods 495 Case Study: Sales Report 495 Indexed Variables as Method Arguments 503 Entire Arrays as Arguments to a Method 505 Arguments for the Method main 507 Array Assignment and Equality 508 Methods That Return Arrays 511 7.3 Programming with Arrays and Classes 515 Programming Example: A Specialized List Class 515 Partially Filled Arrays 523 7.4 Sorting and Searching Arrays 525 Selection Sort 525 Other Sorting Algorithms 529 Searching an Array 531 7.5 Multidimensional Arrays 532 Multidimensional-Array Basics 533 Multidimensional-Array Parameters and Returned Values 536 Java's Representation of Multidimensional Arrays 539 Ragged Arrays (Optional) 540 Programming Example: Employee Time Records 542 7.6 Graphics Supplement 548 Text Areas and Text Fields 548 Programming Example: A Question-and-Answer Applet 548 The Classes JTextArea and JTextField 551 Drawing Polygons 553 Chapter 8 Inheritance, Polymorphism and Interfaces 575 8.1 Inheritance Basi6 Derived Classes 578 Overriding Method Definitions 582 Overriding Versus Overloading 583 The final Modifier 583 Private Instance Variables and Private Methods of a Base Class 584 UML Inheritance Diagrams 586 8.2 Programming with Inheritance 589 Constructors in Derived Classes 589 The this Method--Again 591 Calling an Overridden Method 591 Programming Example: A Derived Class of a Derived Class 592 Another Way to Define the equals Methods in Undergraduate 597 Type Compatibility 597 The Class Object 602 A Better equals Method 604 8.3 Polymorphism 606 Dynamic Binding and Inheritance 606 Dynamic Binding with toString 609 8.4 INTERFACES AND ABSTRACT CLASSES 611 Class Interfaces 611 Java Interfaces 612 Implementing an Interface 613 An Interface as a Type 615 Extending an Interface 618 Case Study: Character Graphics 619 Case Study: The Comparable Interface 632 Abstract Classes 636 8.5 Graphics Supplement 638 The Class JApplet 639 The Class JFrame 639 Window Events and Window Listeners 642 The ActionListener Interface 644 What to Do Next 644 Chapter 9 Exception Handling 657 9.1 Basic Exception Handling 658 Exceptions in Java 659 Predefined Exception Classes 669 9.2 Defining Your Own Exception Classes 671 9.3 More About Exception Classes 681 Declaring Exceptions (Passing the Buck) 681 Kinds of Exceptions 684 Errors 686 Multiple Throws and Catches 687 The finally Block 693 Rethrowing an Exception (Optional) 694 Case Study: A Line-Oriented Calculator 695 9.4 Graphics Supplement 707 Exceptions in GUIs 707 Programming Example: A JFrame GUI Using Exceptions 707 Chapter 10 Streams and File I/O 725 10.1 An Overview of Streams and File I/O 727 The Concept of a Stream 727 Why Use Files for I/O? 728 Text Files and Binary Files 728 10.2 Text-File I/O 730 Creating a Text File 730 Appending to a Text File 736 Reading from a Text File 738 10.3 Techniques for any File 741 The Class File 741 Programming Example: Reading a File Name from the Keyboard 741 Using Path Names 743 Methods of the Class File 744 Defining a Method to Open a Stream 746 Case Study: Processing a Comma-Separated Values File 748 10.4 Basic Binary-File I/O 751 Creating a Binary File 751 Writing Primitive Values to a Binary File 753 Writing Strings to a Binary File 756 Some Details About writeUTF 757 Reading from a Binary File 759 The Class EOFException 764 Programming Example: Processing a File of Binary Data 766 10.5 Binary-File I/O with Objects and Arrays 771 Binary-File I/O with Objects of a Class 771 Some Details of Serialization 775 Array Objects in Binary Files 776 10.6 Graphics Supplement 779 Programming Example: A JFrame GUI for Manipulating Files 779 Chapter 11 Recursion 799 11.1 The Basics of Recursion 800 Case Study: Digits to Words 803 How Recursion Works 808 Infinite Recursion 812 Recursive Methods Versus Iterative Methods 814 Recursive Methods That Return a Value 816 11.2 Programming with Recursion 820 Programming Example: Insisting That User Input Be Correct 820 Case Study: Binary Search 822 Programming Example: Merge Sort--A Recursive Sorting Method 830 Chapter 12 Dynamic Data Structures and Generics 847 12.1 Array-Based Data Structures 849 The Class ArrayList 850 Creating an Instance of ArrayList 850 Using the Methods of ArrayList 852 Programming Example: A To-Do List 856 Parameterized Classes and Generic Data Types 859 12.2 THE JAVA COLLECTIONS FRAMEWORK 859 The Collection Interface 860 The Class HashSet 861 The Map Interface 862 The Class HashMap 862 12.3 Linked Data Structures 865 The Class LinkedList 865 Linked Lists 866 Implementing the Operations of a Linked List 869 A Privacy Leak 876 Inner Classes 877 Node Inner Classes 878 Iterators 878 The Java Iterator Interface 890 Exception Handling with Linked Lists 890 Variations on a Linked List 892 Other Linked Data Structures 894 12.4 Generics 895 The Basics 895 Programming Example: A Generic Linked List 898 APPENDICES 1 Getting Java 917 2 Running Applets 918 3 Protected and Package Modifiers 920 4 The DecimalFormat Class 921 Other Pattern Symbols 922 5 Javadoc 925 Commenting Classes for Use within javadoc 925 Running javadoc 926 6 Differences Between C++ and Java 928 Primitive Types 928 Strings 928 Flow of Control 928 Testing for Equality 929 main Method (Function) and Other Methods 929 Files and Including Files 929 Class and Method (Function) Definitions 930 No Pointer Types in Java 930 Method (Function) Parameters 930 Arrays 930 Garbage Collection 931 Other Comparisons 931 7 Unicode Character Codes 932 Index 933