Magnetic Electron Lenses

1. Magnetic Lens Theory.- 1.1 Derivation of the Equations of Motion of Electrons in Rotationally Symmetric Magnetic Fields.- 1.2 Paraxial Properties.- 1.3 Methods of Calculating Aberration Coefficients.- 1.4 Aberration Coefficients.- 1.5 Parasitic Aberrations.- References.- 2. Magnetic Field Calculation and the Determination of Electron Trajectories.- 2.1 Basic Concepts.- 2.2 Methods of Discretization.- 2.3 Solution of the Discretized Equations.- 2.4 Differentiation and Interpolation in Mesh Grids.- 2.5 Analytical Field Calculation.- 2.6 Field Calculation in Systems Without Rotational Symmetry.- 2.7 The Calculation of Electron Trajectories.- 2.8 Concluding Remarks.- References.- 3. Properties of Electron Lenses.- 3.1 Concepts and Definitions.- 3.2 Field Distribution in Unsaturated Lenses.- 3.3 Analytical Field Models.- 3.4 Paraxial Properties.- 3.5 Third-Order Aberrations.- References.- 4. Practical Lens Design.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 General Rules for the Electron Optical Design of the Magnetic Lens.- 4.3 Design of the Magnetic Circuit.- 4.4 Other Aspects of Magnetic Lens Design.- 4.5 Measures for Reducing the Sensitivity of the Magnetic Electron Lens to Environmental Disturbances.- 4.6 Permanent Magnet Lenses.- 4.7 Superconducting Electron Lenses.- References.- 5. Unconventional Lens Design.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Boiling-Water Cooling Systems.- 5.3 Miniature Rotation-Free Magnetic Electron Lenses.- 5.4 Iron-Free or Partly Shrouded Magnetic Lenses.- 5.5 Iron-Shrouded Pancake Lenses.- 5.6 Improved Image Viewing Systems.- 5.7 Correction of Spiral Distortion.- 5.8 Concluding Remarks.- References.- Appendix A Some Earlier Sets of Curves Representing Lens Properties.- Appendix B Bibliography of Publications on Magnetic Electron Lens Properties.