Modern Electrochemistry, 2 Pts.

across an Electrode- Electrolyte Interface.- 7.2.5m The Sum of the Potential Differences Due to Charges and Dipoles: The Absolute Electrode-Electrolyte (or Galvani) Potential Difference.- 7.2.5n The Outer, Surface, and Inner Potential Differences.- 7.2.5o An Apparent Contradiction: The Sum of the ??fis across a System of Interfaces Can and the ?? across One Interface Cannot Be Measured.- 7.2.5p What Deeper Understanding Has Been Hitherto Gained Regarding the Absolute Potential Difference Across an Electrified Interface?.- 7.2.6 The Accumulation and Depletion of Substances at an Interface.- 7.2.6a What Would Represent Complete Structural Information Regarding an Electrified Interface?.- 7.2.6b The Concept of Surface Excess.- 7.2.6c Does Knowledge of the Surface Excess Contribute to Knowledge of the Distribution of Species in the Interphase Region?.- 7.2.6d Is the Surface Excess Equivalent to the Amount Adsorbed?.- 7.2.6e Is the Surface Excess Measurable?.- 7.2.6f The Special Position of Mercury in Double-Layer Studies.- Further Reading.- 7.3 The Thermodynamics of Electrified Interfaces.- 7.3.1 The Measurement of Interfacial Tension as a Function of the Potential Difference across the Interface.- 7.3.2 Some Basic Facts about Electrocapillary Curves.- 7.3.3 A Digression on the Electrochemical Potential.- 7.3.3a Definition of Electrochemical Potential.- 7.3.3b Can the Chemical and Electrical Work Be Determined Separately?.- 7.3.3c A Criterion of Thermodynamic Equilibrium between Two Phases: Equality of Electrochemical Potentials.- 7.3.3d Nonpolarizable Interfaces and Thermodynamic Equilibrium.- 7.3.4 Some Thermodynamic Thoughts on Electrified Interfaces.- 7.3.5 Interfacial Tension Varies with Applied Potential: Determination of the Charge Density on the Electrode.- 7.3.6 Electrode Charge Varies with Applied Potential: Determination of the Electrical Capacitance of the Interface.- 7.3.7 The Potential at Which an Electrode Has a Zero Charge.- 7.3.8 Surface Tension Varies with Solution Composition: Determination of the Surface Excess.- 7.3.9 Reflections on Electrocapillary Thermodynamics.- 7.3.10 Retrospect and Prospect in the Study of Electrified Interfaces.- Further Reading.- 7.4 The Structure of Electrified Interfaces.- 7.4.1 The Parallel-Plate Condenser Model: The Helmholtz-Perrin Theory.- 7.4.2 The Double Layer in Trouble: Neither Perfect Parabolas nor Constant Capacities.- 7.4.3 The Ionic Cloud: The Gouy-Chapman Diffuse-Charge Model of the Double Layer.- 7.4.4 Ions under Thermal and Electric Forces near an Electrode.- 7.4.5 A Picture of the Potential Drop in the Diffuse Layer.- 7.4.6 An Experimental Test of the Gouy-Chapman Model: Potential Dependence of the Capacitance, but at What Cost?.- 7.4.7 Some Ions Stuck to the Electrode, Others Scattered in Thermal Disarray: The Stern Model.- 7.4.8 A Consequence of the Stern Picture: Two Potential Drops across an Electrified Interface.- 7.4.9 Another Consequence of the Stern Model: