Mouse Behavioral Testing
How to Use Mice in Behavioral Neuroscience
(Sprache: Englisch)
Mouse Behavioral Testing: How to Use Mice in Behavioral Neuroscience provides detailed explanations of how to conduct an experiment on mouse behavior from the initial planning of the research design through every step of the process until the data analysis...
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Klappentext zu „Mouse Behavioral Testing “
Mouse Behavioral Testing: How to Use Mice in Behavioral Neuroscience provides detailed explanations of how to conduct an experiment on mouse behavior from the initial planning of the research design through every step of the process until the data analysis phase. The book discusses the practical matters that need to be considered carefully when working with any species of animal, such as how many animals need to be tested. It describes the tests and techniques devised specifically for work with mice. Every step of the research process is illustrated with real situations encountered in previous studies. All examples are based on real experiments, and extensive details of several published experiments are provided. The essential features of a behavioral test protocol are outlined, and several complete protocols are provided. Methods to balance the order of tests and determine throughput are described, then a completely balanced order of tests in a complex experiment is presented.
The book will be useful for those already familiar with the general principles of research but are new to the realm of behavioral testing of live mice. It will also serve as a text for a formal course, most likely at the graduate level.
- A guide to running a behavioral testing lab, including the many aspects of mouse research beyond the confines of the specific test
- Diagrams and photographs are shown for many kinds of apparatus and test situations with sufficient details such as dimensions to enable building of replicas
- Provides step-by-step instructions on planning and executing behavioral experiments in order to run them successfully
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „Mouse Behavioral Testing “
PrefaceAcknowledgments
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Research Process
The Research Process: Scientific Aspects
Adapting the approach to the stage of an investigation
Mice, mice, and more mice
Measuring instruments: Tests
The formal research design
Sample size
Ethics approval
Logistics
Obtaining subjects
The test day
Prelude to data analysis
Data analysis
Publishing results
The Institutional Context of Research
People
Facilities
Policies
Chapter 2 Mice
Mice Versus Rats
Models of Human Functions
Origins of Standard Mouse Strains
Kinds of Breeding Schemes
Outbred animals
Closed colony
Inbred strains
F1 hybrids
Selectively bred lines
The Process of Close Inbreeding
Inbred Strains for Research
Special Genotypes Derived from Inbred Strains
Coisogenic strains
Congenic strains
Consomic strains
Conplastic strains
Recombinant inbred strains
Designer Mice: Transgenic Methods and Targeted Mutations
Chapter 3 Tests of Mouse Behavior
Popularity of Tests
Commercial Devices
Exploration
Open field
Nose poke hole board
Symmetrical Y maze
Home cage activity
Anxiety
Lightdark box
Elevated plus maze
Elevated zero and square mazes
Vogel conflict test
Geller conflict test
Motor Function
Ataxia observation
Grip strength
Balance beam
Grid test
Rotarod
Running wheel
Treadmill
Learning
Operant learning
Mazes
Spatial memory
Electric shock
Other Tests
Chapter 4 Designs
One Group
Two Groups
Matched Pairs
Repeated Measures
Single-Factor Study With More Than Two Groups (One-Way Design)
Two-Factor Studies
Multi-Factor Studies
Specialized Designs
Reciprocal hybrid crosses
Manipulations of the maternal environment
Transgenerational influences
Selective breeding with control for environmental
... mehr
influences
Complications
Fixed and random effects
Nested factors
Litter as unit
Consulting experts
Utilities
One- and two-factor studies
Three- and higher factor studies
Breeding list
Chapter 5 Sample Size
Utilities to do the Calculations
Population and Sample
Two kinds of populations
Specifying an entire population
Random choice of a sample
Comparing two groups
Comparing several groups
Size of an Effect
What is an effect?
Index of effect size
Effect size for a study with two groups
Effect size for more than two groups
Finding effect size from published data
Significance of an Effect
False positives happen
The more tests, the higher the risk of a false positive
Power of a Test
Finding the Correct Sample Size
Two independent groups
2 2 design, 4 groups
J groups, omnibus test
J groups, linear contrast
Two-way factorial design
Designs with more than two factors
Chapter 6 Ethics Approval
Good Ethics and Good Science
The Era Before Regulation
The Era of Regulated Research With Animals
Ethical Status of Mice and Rats
The Fundamental Ethical Principle of Animal Research
The 3Rs
Replacement
Reduction
Refinement
Case Studies
Death as an end point
Food deprivation
Categories of Invasiveness and Severity
Categories for Behavioral Tests Used with Mice
The Future
Chapter 7 Logistics
The Total Experiment
One-factor design
Two-, three- and four-factor designs
The Principle of Balancing and Randomization
The Total Sample Divided into Smaller Units
Throughput
Partitioning the Work Day
The Balancing Act
Enumeration
Latin square
Randomization to the Rescue
Shipments, Cages, Tail Marks, and Id Numbers
Cages in the Colony Room
The Data Sheet
Final Consultation
Other Examples
More Intricate Designs
Chapter 8 Getting Ready for Testing
Ordering Mice
Shipping
Unpacking
Marking for Individual Identification
Housing
Group versus individual housing
Cage enrichment
Lightdark cycle
Going to School: Test Day
Chapter 9 Prelude to Data Analysis
Know Your Object
Contents of One Row of Data
The Id Code
Order of Variables Across a Row
Naming Variables
The Value of Using the Right Values
The Plague Called Missing Data
Importing the Spreadsheet into the Statistical Program
Checking for Errors in the Data
The Crucial Distinction Between Errors and Exceptions
Looking at Results
Statistical Data Analysis as a Final Step in the Process
Chapter 10 Domains and Test Batteries
Types of Observations
Whole behavior versus criterion response
Free expression versus highly constrained actions
Microscopic analysis versus the whole picture
Short duration versus full day observation
The Ethological Method
Domains and Subdomains
Complexity of Domains
Test Batteries
Every test changes the mouse
Advantages of using different mice for different tests
Efficiency and economy of numbers comes at a price
Current wisdom about test batteries
Testing effects of batteries
Effect size and importance of test order effects
One solution: Standard test orders
How stressful are tests?
Chapter 11 Motivating Mice
Hunger and Food Deprivation
Appetite without deprivation
IntelliCage
Methods of food deprivation
A refined method for daily deprivation
Degree of hunger and eating
Revised eating test
Electric Shock
Basic features of a shock source
Variables that influence intensity
Determining the correct level of shock
Threshold of sensation
Threshold of overt reaction
Kinds of responses and task requirements
Water Escape
Depth
Temperature
Number of trials
Opacity
Cleanliness
Air Puff Aversion
Parameters of air puffs
Determining optimal air flow rate
Avoidance of air puffs
Motivation and Learning
Chapter 12 Qualities of Behavioral Tests
Resolution, Accuracy, and Precision
Consistency
Reliability
Replicability
Validity
Chapter 13 Task Refinement and Standardization
Flawed Tests and Missteps in the Research Process
The lab cat
Mouse shuttle avoidance
Bar press avoidance
Task Complexity
The relatively simple open field
The submerged platform water escape task
Do task parameters matter?
Probe trial performance
Escape latencies and rate of learning
Task Refinement
The accelerating rotarod
The submerged platform water escape task
Prospects for refining other tests
Test Standardization
Standardizing Lab Environment
Chapter 14 Video Tracking
Basic Features
Camera and lens
Spectral sensitivity and filters
Focus of the lens
Hardware Modifications for Video Tracking
Solid floors for uniform fields of view
Paint in the water tank
Eliminating shadows and blind spots
The experimenters hand
Doubts about the Accuracy of Video Tracking
Tracking in Edmonton and Portland
VideoScan versus ANY-maze
Accuracy and Precision from a Mechanical Device
The Solution: Ir Backlighting
The True Path Length
Chapter 15 The Laboratory Environment
Two Sources of Environmental Variance in Test Scores
Environmental Effects on Test Scores: Early Studies
Interactions with Lab Environment: Recent Studies
Complexity of the Lab Environment
Standardizing the Lab Environment
Heterogenization of the Lab Environment
Strategies for Standardizing the Lab Environment
Appendix
Reference List
Index
Complications
Fixed and random effects
Nested factors
Litter as unit
Consulting experts
Utilities
One- and two-factor studies
Three- and higher factor studies
Breeding list
Chapter 5 Sample Size
Utilities to do the Calculations
Population and Sample
Two kinds of populations
Specifying an entire population
Random choice of a sample
Comparing two groups
Comparing several groups
Size of an Effect
What is an effect?
Index of effect size
Effect size for a study with two groups
Effect size for more than two groups
Finding effect size from published data
Significance of an Effect
False positives happen
The more tests, the higher the risk of a false positive
Power of a Test
Finding the Correct Sample Size
Two independent groups
2 2 design, 4 groups
J groups, omnibus test
J groups, linear contrast
Two-way factorial design
Designs with more than two factors
Chapter 6 Ethics Approval
Good Ethics and Good Science
The Era Before Regulation
The Era of Regulated Research With Animals
Ethical Status of Mice and Rats
The Fundamental Ethical Principle of Animal Research
The 3Rs
Replacement
Reduction
Refinement
Case Studies
Death as an end point
Food deprivation
Categories of Invasiveness and Severity
Categories for Behavioral Tests Used with Mice
The Future
Chapter 7 Logistics
The Total Experiment
One-factor design
Two-, three- and four-factor designs
The Principle of Balancing and Randomization
The Total Sample Divided into Smaller Units
Throughput
Partitioning the Work Day
The Balancing Act
Enumeration
Latin square
Randomization to the Rescue
Shipments, Cages, Tail Marks, and Id Numbers
Cages in the Colony Room
The Data Sheet
Final Consultation
Other Examples
More Intricate Designs
Chapter 8 Getting Ready for Testing
Ordering Mice
Shipping
Unpacking
Marking for Individual Identification
Housing
Group versus individual housing
Cage enrichment
Lightdark cycle
Going to School: Test Day
Chapter 9 Prelude to Data Analysis
Know Your Object
Contents of One Row of Data
The Id Code
Order of Variables Across a Row
Naming Variables
The Value of Using the Right Values
The Plague Called Missing Data
Importing the Spreadsheet into the Statistical Program
Checking for Errors in the Data
The Crucial Distinction Between Errors and Exceptions
Looking at Results
Statistical Data Analysis as a Final Step in the Process
Chapter 10 Domains and Test Batteries
Types of Observations
Whole behavior versus criterion response
Free expression versus highly constrained actions
Microscopic analysis versus the whole picture
Short duration versus full day observation
The Ethological Method
Domains and Subdomains
Complexity of Domains
Test Batteries
Every test changes the mouse
Advantages of using different mice for different tests
Efficiency and economy of numbers comes at a price
Current wisdom about test batteries
Testing effects of batteries
Effect size and importance of test order effects
One solution: Standard test orders
How stressful are tests?
Chapter 11 Motivating Mice
Hunger and Food Deprivation
Appetite without deprivation
IntelliCage
Methods of food deprivation
A refined method for daily deprivation
Degree of hunger and eating
Revised eating test
Electric Shock
Basic features of a shock source
Variables that influence intensity
Determining the correct level of shock
Threshold of sensation
Threshold of overt reaction
Kinds of responses and task requirements
Water Escape
Depth
Temperature
Number of trials
Opacity
Cleanliness
Air Puff Aversion
Parameters of air puffs
Determining optimal air flow rate
Avoidance of air puffs
Motivation and Learning
Chapter 12 Qualities of Behavioral Tests
Resolution, Accuracy, and Precision
Consistency
Reliability
Replicability
Validity
Chapter 13 Task Refinement and Standardization
Flawed Tests and Missteps in the Research Process
The lab cat
Mouse shuttle avoidance
Bar press avoidance
Task Complexity
The relatively simple open field
The submerged platform water escape task
Do task parameters matter?
Probe trial performance
Escape latencies and rate of learning
Task Refinement
The accelerating rotarod
The submerged platform water escape task
Prospects for refining other tests
Test Standardization
Standardizing Lab Environment
Chapter 14 Video Tracking
Basic Features
Camera and lens
Spectral sensitivity and filters
Focus of the lens
Hardware Modifications for Video Tracking
Solid floors for uniform fields of view
Paint in the water tank
Eliminating shadows and blind spots
The experimenters hand
Doubts about the Accuracy of Video Tracking
Tracking in Edmonton and Portland
VideoScan versus ANY-maze
Accuracy and Precision from a Mechanical Device
The Solution: Ir Backlighting
The True Path Length
Chapter 15 The Laboratory Environment
Two Sources of Environmental Variance in Test Scores
Environmental Effects on Test Scores: Early Studies
Interactions with Lab Environment: Recent Studies
Complexity of the Lab Environment
Standardizing the Lab Environment
Heterogenization of the Lab Environment
Strategies for Standardizing the Lab Environment
Appendix
Reference List
Index
... weniger
Autoren-Porträt von Douglas Wahlsten
Dr. Wahlsten received his Ph.D. degree in psychology from the University of California Irvine and completed his postdoctoral work in behavior genetics at the Institute for Behavioral Genetics at the University of Colorado. He then established research laboratories at the University of Waterloo, the University of Alberta, and the University of North Carolina. The laboratory work involved genetic and developmental analysis of mouse brain defects and methods of behavioral testing. He also acquired expertise in statistical data analysis and theoretical issues central to the field. He was a co-founder of the very successful journal Genes, Brain and Behavior, and was given the Distinguished Scientist award by the International Behavioral and Neural Genetics Society. Throughout his career, he has taught behavioral and neural genetics to undergraduate and graduate students.
Bibliographische Angaben
- Autor: Douglas Wahlsten
- 2010, 304 Seiten, Maße: 22,1 x 27,7 cm, Gebunden, Englisch
- Verlag: Academic Press
- ISBN-10: 012375674X
- ISBN-13: 9780123756749
- Erscheinungsdatum: 16.12.2010
Sprache:
Englisch
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