Nonverbal Communication

1 Communication Elements Constraining Animal Learning and Performance.- Odor of Nonreward.- Agonistic Postures.- A Concluding Comment.- References.- 2 Animal Communication.- Some Primordia for Communication.- Mutualism as a Criterion for Communication.- Genetics of Social Cooperation.- The Choice of a Medium.- Animal Semantics.- Discrete and Graded Repertoires.- Specific Distinctiveness in Animal Signals.- Experimental Use of Synthetic Signals.- The Uses of Animal Signals.- Manifestations of Emotional State, or Something More?.- Learning and Signal Development.- Apes with Language?.- The Design of Animal Societies.- References.- 3 Application of the Concept of Levels of Organization to the Study of Animal Communication.- The Energy Source-the Emitter.- The Energy Receiver-the Responder.- Concluding Remarks.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 4 Social and Pharmacological Influences on the Nonverbal Communication of Monkeys and Man.- Cooperative Conditioning in Animals.- Effects of Psychoactive Drugs on Nonverbal and Social Behavior.- Psychoactive Drugs and Nonverbal Communication.- Psychoactive Drugs and Group Social Behavior.- Cooperative-Conditioning Experiments in Man.- General Discussion and Summary.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 5 Pheromonal Sex Attractants in the Norway Rat.- The Responses of Male Rats to the Female Sex Attractant.- The Responses of Female Rats to the Male Sex Attractant.- Summary, Thus Far.- The Responses of Rats to Odors from Individual Sex Partners.- The Sources of Pheromonal Sex Attractants in Rats.- Electrophysiological Responses to Pheromonal Sex Attractants in Rats.- The Responses of Immature Rats to Pheromonal Sex Attractants.- The Responses of Rats to the Homotypical Sex Attractants.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 6 InformationTransfer in Honey Bees: A Population Approach.- Emergence of Anomalies.- Odors Detectors as Vector Selectors of Nectar Collectors.- Food Getting-a Study in Communication.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 7