Organic Heterocycles and Therapeutic Importance in Medicinal Field

Heteroatoms constitute a very common fragment of a number of active pharmaceutical ingredients, as well as excipients; from the point of view of significance, it is all the same if these are isosterically/bioisosterically replaced carbons/carbon substructures in aliphatic structures or real heterocycles. Many heterocyclic scaffolds can be considered as privilege structures. Most frequently, nitrogen heterocycles or various positional combinations of nitrogen atoms, sulphur and oxygen in five- or six-membered rings can be found. According to statistics, more than 85% of all biologically-active chemical entities contain a heterocycle. This fact reflects the central role of heterocycles in modern drug design. The application of heterocycles provides a useful tool for modification of solubility, lipophilicity, polarity and hydrogen bonding capacity of biologically active agents, which results in the optimization of the ADME/Tox properties of drugs or drug candidates.many heterocycliclead compounds were isolated from natural resources, and their structures were subsequently simplified and modified by medicinal chemists. Thus, heterocycles have critical importance for medicinal chemist.