Our Threatened Climate

Anthropogenic Trace Gases.- 2.1 Production and Concentration.- 2.2 Climate-Chemistry Interactions.- 2.3 Assessment of Climatic Effects.- 3. Climatic Effects of Aerosols.- 3.1 Sources, Emissions, Concentrations.- 3.2 Climatic Effects.- 4. Climatic Effects of Land Use Changes.- 4.1 Overgrazing - Desertification - Deforestation.- 4.2 Urbanisation and Industrialisation.- 4.3 Energy Conversion and Use.- 4.4 Water Engineering Projects.- 5. Climatic Effects of Waste Heat.- 5.1 Natural and Anthropogenic Energy Fluxes.- 5.2 Climatic Effects of Heat Emissions.- 5.3 Possibilities for Waste Heat Reduction.- 6. Assessment of Overall Effects - Critical Threshold Values -Prospects.- 6.1 Individual Climate Factors and the Greenhouse Effect.- 6.2 Combined Greenhouse Effect and Critical Threshold Values for the CO2 and Temperature Increase.- 6.3 Outlook.- V. Impacts of Climate Change on Society.- 1. Climate Impact Programmes.- 1.1 Nature and Methods of Impact Studies.- 1.2 Climate Scenarios.- 1.3 Socioeconomic Scenarios.- 2. Ecosystems.- 2.1 Influence of Mankind on the Biomes.- 2.2 Response of the Biomes to Climate Changes.- 3. Energy Use.- 3.1 Climate and Energy Demand.- 3.2 Climate and Energy Supply.- 3.3 Climate and Energy Costs.- 4. Food Security.- 4.1 Climate and the World Food Situation.- 4.2 Climate and Harvest Yields.- 4.3 Climate and Pest Management.- 4.4 CO2 Fertilization and Plant Productivity.- 4.5 Learning from Past Experience.- 5. Water Resources.- 5.1 Water Reserves and Water Demand.- 5.2 Water Availability.- 5.3 Global Water Problems.- 6. Fisheries.- 7. Population and Settlement.- 7.1 Examples from the Past: Decline of Civilisations - Migrations - Abandonments - Climate as a Causal Factor?.- 7.2 Possible Scenarios for the Future: Partial Disintegration of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet - Rise of Sea Level - Impact on Coastal Regions; An Ice-free Arctic Ocean - Shift of Agroclimatic Zones.- 8. Health, Disease and Welfare.- 8.1 Climate and Comfort.- 8.2 Climate and Disease.- 8.3 Climate Change and Welfare.- 9. Recreation.- VI. Strategies for Averting a CO2/Climate Problem.- 1. The Scope of Alternatives and Concepts for Action.- 2. Technical Fixes.- 2.1 CO2 Removal.- 2.2 CO2 Storage.- 2.3 CO2 Conversion to Useful Products.- 2.4 Albedo Modification.- 3. Biological Methods.- 3.1 CO2 Storage in Land Plants.- 3.2 CO2Storage in Water Plants.- 3.3 CO2 Storage in Soil Humus.- 4. Energy Saving Through Better Energy Use.- 4.1 Future Energy Use.- 4.2 Some Selected Studies of Rational Energy Use.- 4.2.1 German Studies.- 4.2.2 European Studies.- 4.2.3 US Studies.- 4.3 Efficient Energy Use in Industrialized and Developing Countries.- 5. Introduction of Renewable Energy Resources.- 5.1 Substitution of Non-Renewable by Renewable Energy Sources.- 5.2 Global Potential of Renewable Energy Sources.- 6. Effects of Various Energy Strategies.- 6.1 Characteristics of Selected Scenarios.- 6.1.1 Synthetic Fuel Production Scenario.- 6.1.2 IIAS A Scenarios.- 6.1.3 "Zero Growth" Scenario.- 6.1.4 Efficiency Scenario.- 6.2 Effects of Various Energy Strategies on CO2 and Temperature Changes.- 6.2.1 Synthetic Fuel Strategy.- 6.2.2 Pure Fossil Fuel Strategy.- 6.2.3 Spectrum of Various Energy Strategies.- 7. Flanking Measures.- 8. Decision Aids.- VII. Opportunities for the Future.- 1. The Old Credence in Progress - The New Credibility.- 2. Man: Shaping his Own Future?.- 3. Prospects: Extrapolating Old Trends.- 3.1 Growth.- 3.2 North-South Conflict.- 4. Prospects: Shifting Emphases.- 4.1 Reorientation.- 4.2 Using Available Technological Know-How.- 4.2.1 Cogeneration.- 4.2.2 Combined-Heat-and-Power Plants.- 4.2.3 Neighbourhood Cogeneration Systems.- 4.2.4 Fluidised-Bed Combustion.- 4.2.5 Central Station District Heating.- 4.2.6 Heat Pumps.- 4.3 Examples of Product Innovation.- 4.3.1 Insulation.- 4.3.2 Energy-Saving Light Bulbs.- 4.3.3. Fuel Economy of Light Vehicles.- 4.3.4 Feedstock Uses of Carbon.- 4.3.5 Microelectronics.- 4.4 Removal of Institutional Barriers.- 5. Ways out of the CO2/Climate Threat.- Further Reading.- Appendices.- Author Index.