Pickering, R: Complete Biology for Cambridge IGCSE/Stud.

2.30 The leaf and water loss ; 2.31 Transport systems in animals use blood as the transport medium ; 2.32 Combating infection: blood and defence against disease ; 2.33 Antibodies and the immune response ; 2.34 The circulatory system ; 2.35 Capillaries: materials are exchanged between blood and tissues, and tissue is formed ; 2.36 The heart is the pump for the circulatory system ; 2.37 Control of blood pressure and the benefit of exercise ; 2.38 Coronary heart disease ; Questions on circulation ; 2.39 Respiration provides the energy for life ; 2.40 Contraction of muscles requires energy supplied by respiration ; 2.41 The measurement of respiration ; 2.42 Gas exchange supplies oxygen for respiration ; 2.43 Breathing ventilates the lungs ; Questions on gas exchange ; 2.44 Smoking and disease ; 2.45 Excretion: removal of the waste products of metabolism ; 2.46 Dialysis and the treatment of kidney failure ; 2.47 Homeostasis: maintaining a steady state ; 2.48 Control of body temperature ; Questions on excretion and homeostasis ; 2.49 Coordination: the nervous system ; 2.50 Neurones can work together in reflex arcs ; 2.51 Muscles can work as effectors: joints in the skeleton allow movement ; 2.52 The brain is the processor for the central nervous system ; 2.53 Integration by the central nervous system ; 2.54 Receptors and senses: the eye as a sense organ ; Questions on receptors and senses ; 2.55 The endocrine system ; Questions on hormones ; 2.56 Drugs and disorders of the nervous system ; 2.57 Sensitivity and movement in plants: tropisms ; 3. DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANISMS AND THE CONTINUITY OF LIFE ; 3.1 Reproduction is an important characteristic of living organisms ; 3.2 Reproduction in flowering plants: flowers ; 3.3 Pollination: the transfer of male sex cells to female flower parts ; 3.4 Fertilisation and the formation of seed and fruit ; 3.5 Dispersal of seeds and fruits ; 3.6 Germination of seeds ; 3.7 Vegetative propagation ; 3.8 Artificial propagation ; Questions on plant reproduction ; 3.9 Reproduction in humans ; 3.10 The menstrual cycle ; 3.11 Copulation and conception ; 3.12 Contraception ; 3.13 Pregnancy: the role of the placenta ; 3.14 Pregnancy: development and antenatal care ; 3.15 Birth and the newborn baby ; 3.16 Sexually transmitted diseases ; 3.17 Growth and development ; Questions on human reproduction and growth ; 3.18 Variation and inheritance ; 3.19 Cell division ; 3.20 Inheritance ; 3.21 Studying patterns of inheritance ; 3.22 Inherited medical conditions and codominance ; 3.23 Sex is determined by X and Y chromosomes ; Questions on inheritance ; 3.24 Variation ; 3.25 Causes of variation ; 3.26 Variation and natural selection: the evolution of species ; 3.27 Natural selection ; 3.28 Artificial selection ; 3.29 Genetic engineering ; 3.30 Gene transfer in plants and animals ; Questions on variation ; 4. ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT ; 4.1 Ecology and ecosystems ; 4.2 Flow of energy: food chains and food webs ; 4.3 Feeding relationships: pyramids of numbers, biomass and energy ; 4.4 Decay is a natural process ; 4.5 The carbon cycle ; 4.6 The nitrogen cycle ; 4.7 Water is recycled too! ; Questions on ecosystems, decay and cycles ; 4.8 Factors affecting population size ; 4.9 Human population growth ; 4.10 Humans and agriculture ; 4.11 Land use for agriculture ; 4.12 Pollution of water: eutrophication ; 4.13 Human impacts on the environment: pollution ; 4.14 Humans may have a positive effect on the environment: conservation of species ; 4.15 Conservation efforts worldwide ; 4.16 Conservation of resources: recycling water by the treatment of sewage ; 4.17 Management of solid waste ; 4.18 Saving fossil fuels: fuel from fermentation ; 4.18 Questions on human impacts on ecosystems ; 5. PRACTICAL BIOLOGY ; 5.1 Practical assessment ; 5.2 Laboratory equipment ; 5.3 Questions with practical content ; Index