PLACE OF PROBABILITY IN SCIENC
(Sprache: Englisch)
This book offers a comprehensive overview about the place of probability in science. It provides an explanation of the role of probability in evolutionary theory and quantum mechanics.
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This book offers a comprehensive overview about the place of probability in science. It provides an explanation of the role of probability in evolutionary theory and quantum mechanics.
Klappentext zu „PLACE OF PROBABILITY IN SCIENC “
Science aims at the discovery of general principles of special kinds that are applicable for the explanation and prediction of the phenomena of the world in the form of theories and laws. When the phenomena themselves happen to be general, the principlesinvolved assume the form of theories; and when they are p- ticular, they assume the form of general laws. Theories themselves are sets of laws and de nitions that apply to a common domain, which makes laws indispensable to science. Understanding science thus depends upon understanding the nature of theories and laws, the logical structure of explanations and predictions based upon them, and the principles of inference and decision that apply to theories and laws. Laws and theories can differ in their form as well as in their content. The laws of quantum mechanics are indeterministic (or probabilistic), for example, while those of classical mechanics are deterministic (or universal) instead. The history of science re ects an increasing role for probabilities as properties of the world but also as measures of evidential support and as degrees of subjective belief. Our purpose is to clarify and illuminate the place of probability in science.
The purpose of philosophy, broadly conceived, can be described as that of attempting to resolve heretofore unsolved conceptual and theoretical problems, especially those that lie at the foundations of knowledge and values. Given the central role of science in acquiring reliable knowledge, the study of science has become of special importance within philosophy. And within philosophy of science, in turn, no other concept possesses the centrality and importance as does that of probability. To clarify and illuminate the place of probability in science Ellery Eells and James H. Fetzer have brought together some of the most distinguished philosophers from our time.
After a comprehensive introduction to alternative conceptions of objective probability and the difficulties that they confront, three studies describe the special problems that arise within this context and the comparative merits of different accounts. The second section addresses the nature of lawfulness and of relations between micro- and macro-probabilities, especially with reference to the concept of fitness in evolution. The third section confronts some of the difficulties confronted by causal conceptions of probability, especially within the quantum domain. The fourth extends the discussion to principles of inference and decision. The last chapter relates propensities and frequencies to the framework of inference to the best explanation.
After a comprehensive introduction to alternative conceptions of objective probability and the difficulties that they confront, three studies describe the special problems that arise within this context and the comparative merits of different accounts. The second section addresses the nature of lawfulness and of relations between micro- and macro-probabilities, especially with reference to the concept of fitness in evolution. The third section confronts some of the difficulties confronted by causal conceptions of probability, especially within the quantum domain. The fourth extends the discussion to principles of inference and decision. The last chapter relates propensities and frequencies to the framework of inference to the best explanation.
Inhaltsverzeichnis zu „PLACE OF PROBABILITY IN SCIENC “
ELLERY EELLS / Objective Probability Theory Theory PART I: ALTERNATIVE CONCEPTIONS OF PROBABILITY2. DANIEL M. HAUSMAN / Probabilistic Causality and Causal Generalizations3. MARTIN BARRETT / On the Possibility of Chance Zero4. JAMES H. FETZER / Probabilistic MetaphysicsPART II: THE OBJECTIVITY OF MACRO-PROBABILITIES 5. WOLFGANG SPOHN / Chance and Necessity: From Humean Supervenienceto Humean Projection6. ELLIOTT SOBER / Evolutionary Theory and the Reality of Macro Probabilities7. JAMES H. FETZER / Is Evolution an Optimizing Process? PART III: PROBABILITIES AS EXPLANATORY PROPERTIES8. ELLERY EELLS / Propensity Trajectories, Preemption, and the Identity of Events9. MALCOLM FORSTER / The Miraculous Consilience of Quantum Mechanics10. JAMES H. FETZER / Probability and Objectivity in Deterministic and deterministic Situations PART IV: PROBABILITIES IN INFERENCE AND DECISION11...BRANDEN FITELSON and JAMES HAWTHORNE / How Bayesian Confirmation Theory Handles the Paradox of the Ravens12. BRIAN SKYRMS and ROBIN PEMANTLE / Learning to Network: Game Theory and Reinforcement Learning13. PAUL WEIRICH / Probabilities in Decision RulesEPILOGUE14. JAMES H. FETZER / Propensities and Frequencies: Inference to the Best Explanation
Bibliographische Angaben
- XLIII, 368 Seiten, Maße: 16,4 x 24,2 cm, Gebunden, Englisch
- Herausgegeben: Ellery Eells, J. H. Fetzer
- Verlag: Springer Netherland
- ISBN-10: 9048136148
- ISBN-13: 9789048136148
- Erscheinungsdatum: 24.06.2010
Sprache:
Englisch
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