Practices of Looking

CHAPTER 1: IMAGES, POWER, AND POLITICS ; Representation ; The Myth of Photographic Truth ; Images and Ideology ; How We Negotiate the Meaning of Images ; The Value of Images ; Image Icons ; CHAPTER 2: VIEWERS MAKE MEANING ; Producers' Intended Meanings ; Aesthetics and Taste ; Collecting, Display, and Institutional Critique ; Reading Images as Ideological Subjects ; Encoding and Decoding ; Reception and the Audience ; Appropriation and Cultural Production ; Re-appropriation and Counter-Bricolage ; CHAPTER 3: MODERNITY: SPECTATORSHIP, POWER, AND KNOWLEDGE ; The Subject in Modernity ; Spectatorship ; Discourse and Power ; The Gaze and the Other ; The Gaze in Psychoanalysis ; Gender and the Gaze ; Changing Concepts of the Gaze ; CHAPTER 4: REALISM AND PERSPECTIVE: FROM RENAISSANCE PAINTING TO DIGITAL MEDIA ; Visual Codes and Historical Meaning ; Questions of Realism ; The History of Perspective ; Perspective and the Body ; The Camera Obscura ; Challenges to Perspective ; Perspective in Digital Media ; CHAPTER 5: VISUAL TECHNOLOGIES, IMAGE REPRODUCTION, AND THE COPY ; Visual Technologies ; Motion and Sequence ; Image Reproduction: The Copy ; Walter Benjamin and Mechanical Reproduction ; The Politics of Reproducibility ; Copies, Ownership, and Copyright ; Reproduction and the Digital Image ; CHAPTER 6: MEDIA IN EVERYDAY LIFE ; The Masses and Mass Media ; Media Forms ; Broadcast, Narrowcast, and Webcast Media ; The History of Mass Media Critiques ; Media and Democratic Potential ; Media and the Public Sphere ; National and Global Media Events ; Contemporary Media and Image Flows ; CHAPTER 7: ADVERTISING, CONSUMER CULTURES, AND DESIRE ; Consumer Societies ; Envy, Desire, and Belonging ; Commodity Culture and Commodity Fetishism ; Brands and Their Meanings ; The Marketing of Coolness ; Anti-ads and Culture Jamming ; CHAPTER 8: POSTMODERNISM, INDIE MEDIA, AND POPULAR CULTURE ; Postmodernism and its Visual Cultures ; Addressing the Postmodern Subject ; Reflexivity and

Marita Sturken is Professor of Media, Culture, and Communication at New York University. Lisa Cartwright is Professor of Communication and Science Studies at the University of California at San Diego.