Skin Microbiome Handbook

Preface xvii
 
Part 1: Healthy Skin Microbiome and Oral-Skin Interactions 1
 
1 The Microbiome of Healthy Skin 3
Samantha Samaras and Michael Hoptroff
 
1.1 Introduction 3
 
1.1.1 Retrospective 3
 
1.1.2 Next Generation Sequencing 6
 
1.2 The Skin Microbiome in Health 7
 
1.2.1 Composition 7
 
1.2.2 Diversity 10
 
1.2.3 Uniqueness 13
 
1.3 Healthy Skin is the Foundation of a Balanced Skin Microbiome 14
 
1.3.1 Physical Aspects of Skin Impacting the Microbiome 14
 
1.3.2 Biochemical and Defensive Aspects of Skin Impacting the Microbiome 16
 
1.3.2.1 The Acid Mantle 16
 
1.3.2.2 Antimicrobial Lipids (AMLs) 16
 
1.3.2.3 Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) 17
 
1.3.3 Nutritional and Microenvironmental Aspects of Skin Impacting the Microbiome 18
 
1.3.3.1 Amino Acids 18
 
1.3.3.2 Sebaceous Lipids 19
 
1.3.3.3 Organic Acids and Other Materials 19
 
1.4 A Balanced Skin Microbiome Supports the Normal Functioning of Healthy Skin 20
 
1.4.1 Pathogen Exclusion 20
 
1.4.2 Contribution to Skin pH 20
 
1.4.3 Microbial Contribution to Skin Barrier Integrity 21
 
1.5 Conclusion 22
 
Acknowledgments 23
 
References 23
 
2 The Gut Microbiome-Skin Axis: Impact on Skin and Systemic Health 33
David Drake
 
2.1 Introduction 34
 
2.2 The Gut-Skin Microbiome Axis 35
 
2.3 The Gut-Skin Microbiome Axis: Principle Pathways 35
 
2.4 Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiome and Skin Dyshomeostasis 37
 
2.4.1 Acne Vulgaris 38
 
2.4.2 Atopic Dermatitis 39
 
2.5 Summary and Future Directions 39
 
References 40
 
3 The Skin and Oral Microbiome: An Examination of Overlap and Potential Interactions between Microbiome Communities 45
Sandra Buerger
 
3.1 Introduction 45
 
3.1.1 Focus of the Chapter 45
 
3.1.2 Definition of Skin Microbiome

Nava Dayan Ph.D. Pharm D. is a research scientist who has specialized in skin product development for nearly 3 decades. She is the owner of Dr. Nava Dayan L.L.C, a skin science and research consultancy serving the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and personal care industries; dermal and transdermal. The uniqueness of Dr. Dayan's approach is in its comprehensiveness since she covers biology, physics, efficacy, toxicology, formulations product development, and bio-availability. With her many years of experience in the skin care sector, she has produced more than 150 publication credits in numerous industry-respected journals and in four books. Her research focus is on feasibility in skin care, composition of R&D plans covering efficacy and toxicology; planning, execution and data interpretation into claims, formulations, delivery for improved efficacy and attenuated toxicity, drug-skin interaction, bio-markers, skin/age related sensitivities, inflammatory skin disorders, innate immunity and skin microbiome. This is her fifth book and her 2nd with the Wiley-Scrivener imprint.