Smart Grid Communications

Preface xv
 
Contributors xvii
 
PART I APPLICATIONS
 
1 INTRODUCTION TO SMART GRID APPLICATIONS 3
Xiaoming Feng, James Stoupis, Salman Mohagheghi, and Mats Larsson
 
1.1 Introduction 3
 
1.2 Voltage and Var Control and Optimization 5
 
1.3 Fault Detection, Isolation, and Restoration (FDIR) 14
 
1.4 Demand Response (DR) 21
 
1.5 Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) 25
 
1.6 Wide-Area Monitoring, Control, and Protection (WAMCP) 28
 
2 ELECTRIC VEHICLES AS A DRIVER FOR SMART GRIDS 49
Nigel Fitzpatrick and Alec Tsang
 
2.1 Introduction 49
 
2.2 Plug-In Electric Vehicles and Hybrids 50
 
2.3 Hybrids 51
 
2.4 The General Electric Delta Car 52
 
2.5 Batteries, Ultracapacitors, and Semi and Full-Fuel Cells 53
 
2.6 Lithium Ion 56
 
2.7 Cell Voltage, Reliability of Stacks, and Impact of Inverters 57
 
2.8 Battery Mass Fraction, Energy, Power, Benefi ts and a Penalty 58
 
2.9 Vehicle Classes, Niches, and Constraints 59
 
2.10 Messages from Full-Cycle Modeling, Energy Security, and Air Quality 60
 
2.11 Market Penetration by Vehicle Niche 60
 
2.12 Vehicle Architecture, Key Components, Controls, and Cost 61
 
2.13 Grid to Vehicle (G2V) Charging: Levels 1 to 3 62
 
2.14 Grid Impacts 64
 
2.15 Vehicle to Grid (V2G): A First or Second Order Matter? 66
 
2.16 Second Life for Used Vehicle Batteries Grid-Side Instead? 68
 
2.17 The City and the Vehicle 69
 
2.18 Impact of Electric Drive on Greenhouse Gas Emissions 69
 
2.19 Conclusions 70
 
3 AUTONOMOUS DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT 75
Hamed Mohsenian-Rad and Alberto Leon-Garcia
 
3.1 Introduction 75
 
3.2 Direct and Indirect Demand-Side Management 77
 
3.3 Autonomous Demand-Side Management 79
 
3.4 Optimal Energy Consumption Scheduling 82
 
3.5 Price Prediction 88
 
3.6 Managing User-Side

Lars Torsten Berger, Phd, is founder of BreezeSolve, a Valencia-based company offering engineering and consultant services in telecommunications, signal processing, and smart grid. He is currently also directing the R&D Department of Kenus Informática, Paterna, Spain. In his career, Dr. Berger has worked for Daimler-Benz Aerospace, Nortel Networks, Nokia Networks, as well as DS2, and has held faculty positions at Aalborg University, Denmark, and Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain.
 
Krzysztof (Kris) Iniewski, Phd, is managing R&D at Redlen Technologies Inc., a start-up company in Vancouver, Canada. Redlen's revolutionary production process for advanced semiconductor materials enables a new generation of more accurate, all-digital, radiation-based imaging solutions. Dr. Iniewski is also Executive Director of CMOS Emerging Technologies. In his career, Dr. Iniewski has held numerous faculty and management positions at the University of Toronto, University of Alberta, SFU, and PMC-Sierra Inc. He has published over 100 research papers in international journals and conferences, holds eighteen international patents, and has written and edited several books.

"I highly recommend the very complete reference book Smart Grid Applications, Communications, and Security , edited by Lars T. Berger, Ph.D., and Krzysztof Iniewski, Ph.D., to any engineers, power utility executives, business leaders, policy makers, government officials, and engineering students who are seeking a useful overview of the various aspects of the smart grid and its impact. This book will provide the essential foundation to understanding the smart grid, and will lead to further more specialized research and study as well." ( Blog Business World , 2012)

"I highly recommend the very complete reference book Smart Grid Applications, Communications, and Security , edited by Lars T. Berger, Ph.D., and Krzysztof Iniewski, Ph.D., to any engineers, power utility executives, business leaders, policy makers, government officials, and engineering students who are seeking a useful overview of the various aspects of the smart grid and its impact. This book will provide the essential foundation to understanding the smart grid, and will lead to further more specialized research and study as well." ( Blog Business World , 2012)