Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds

Chapter 1. Mass Spectrometry. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Instrumentation. 1.3 Ionization Methods. 1.4 Mass Analyzers. 1.5 Interpretation of El Mass Spectra. 1.6 Mass Spectra of Some Chemical Classes. Chapter 2. Infrared Spectrometry. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Theory. 2.3 Instrumentation. 2.4 Sample Handling. 2.5 Interpretations of Spectra. 2.6 Characteristic Group Absorption of Organic Molecules. Chapter 3. Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Theory. 3.3 Instrumentation and Sample Handling. 3.4 Chemical Shift. 3.5 Spin Coupling, Multiplets, Spin Systems. 3.6 Protons on Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Atoms. Exchangeable Protons. 3.7 Coupling of Protons to Other Important Nuclei (¹⁹ F, E, ³¹ P, ²⁹ Si, and ¹³ C. 3.8 Chemical Shift Equivalence. 3.9 Magnetic Equivalence (Spin-Coupling Equivalence). 3.10 AMX, ABX, and ABC Rigid Systems with Three Coupling Constants. 3.11 Confirmationally Mobile, Open-Chain Systems. Virtual Coupling. 3.12 Chirality. 3.13 Vicinal and Geminal Coupling. 3.14 Low-Range Coupling. 3.15 Selective Spin Decoupling. Double Resonance. 3.16 Nuclear Overhauser Effect, Difference Spectrometry, 1H 1H Proximity Through Space. Chapter 4. Carbon-13 NMR Spectrometry. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Theory. 4.3 Interpretation of a Simple ¹³ C Spectrum: Diethyl Phthalate. 4.4 Quantitative ¹³ C Analysis. 4.5 Chemical Shift Equivalence. 4.6 DEPT. 4.7 Chemical Classes and Chemical Shifts. Chapter 5. Correlation NMR Spectrometry; 2-D NMR. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Theory. 5.3 Correlation Spectrometry. 5.4 Ipsenol: ¹ H-¹ H COSY. 5.5 Caryophyllene Oxide. 5.6 ¹³ C-¹³ C Correlations: Inadequate. 5.7 Lactose. 5.8 Relayed Coherence Transfer: TOCSY. 5.9 HMQC - TOCSY. 5.10 ROESY. 5.11 VGSE. 5.12 Gradient Field NMR. Chapter 6. NMR