Sustainable and Green Electrochemical Science and Technology

Preface xiii
 
Acknowledgement xv
 
1 Introduction to Electrochemical Sustainable Processes 1
 
1.1 Introduction 1
 
1.2 Effluent Treatment and Recycling 3
 
1.3 Green Electrochemistry 3
 
1.4 Electrochemistry and Energy Sustainability 4
 
1.5 Hydrogen Economy and Fuel Cells 7
 
1.6 Conclusions 24
 
References 25
 
2 Electrochemistry, Electrocatalysis and Thermodynamics 27
 
2.1 The Electrochemical Cell 27
 
2.2 Electrochemical Thermodynamics 29
 
2.3 Types of Electrochemical Reactions 38
 
2.4 Mass Transport and Electrochemical Reactions 49
 
2.5 Photoelectrochemistry 73
 
2.6 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy 80
 
References 84
 
3 Electrochemical Cells, Materials and Reactors 87
 
3.1 Electrochemical Reactors 87
 
3.2 Fuel Cells 97
 
3.3 Batteries 101
 
3.4 Capacitors 103
 
3.5 Electrochemical Cell Engineering 106
 
References 124
 
4 Carbon Dioxide Reduction and Electro-Organic Synthesis 125
 
4.1 Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide 125
 
4.2 Organic Synthesis 143
 
4.3 Green Electro-Organic Synthesis 151
 
4.4 Conclusions 156
 
References 157
 
5 Hydrogen Production andWater Electrolysis 159
 
5.1 Fossil Fuel Based Hydrogen Production 160
 
5.2 Hydrogen via Electrolysis 161
 
5.3 Photoelectrolysis 184
 
5.4 Thermal and Electrochemical Generation of Hydrogen fromWater 191
 
5.5 Chemical Production of Hydrogen 200
 
5.6 Conclusions 200
 
References 201
 
6 Inorganic Synthesis 203
 
6.1 Chemicals from the Electrolysis of Halides 203
 
6.2 Electrolytic Processes for Metal Processing 216
 
6.3 Inorganic Compounds and Salts 220
 
6.4 Generation of Chemical Oxidants 223
 
6.5 Conclusions 231
 
References 231
 
7 Electrochemical Energy

Keith Scott is Professor of Electrochemical Engineering at Newcastle University. His research interests include electrochemical power sources (fuel cells, batteries, microbial and biological fuel cells), electrocatalysis, electrochemical environmental engineering, reaction engineering and membrane separation processes and reactors. Professor Scott also has teaching expertise in electrochemical processes and technology for synthesis, recycling and energy systems.